In this paper, we study the field of algebraic numbers with a set of elements of small height treated as a predicate. We prove that such structures are not simple and have the independence property. A real algebraic integer is called a Salem number if α and are Galois conjugate and all other Galois conjugates of α lie on the unit circle. It is not known whether 1 is a limit point of Salem numbers. We relate the simplicity of a (...) certain pair with Lehmer's conjecture and obtain a model‐theoretic characterization of Lehmer's conjecture for Salem numbers. (shrink)

We introduce the notion of a lovely pair of models of a simple theory T, generalizing Poizat's “belles paires” of models of a stable theory and the third author's “generic pairs” of models of an SU-rank 1 theory. We characterize when a saturated model of the theory TP of lovely pairs is a lovely pair , finding an analog of the nonfinite cover property for simple theories. We show that, under these hypotheses, TP is also simple, and we study forking (...) and canonical bases in TP. We also prove that assuming only that T is low, the existentially universal models of the universal part of a natural expansion TP+ of TP, are lovely pairs, and “simple Robinson universal domains”. (shrink)

For a supersimple SU-rank 1 theory T we introduce the notion of a generic elementary pair of models of T . We show that the theory T* of all generic T-pairs is complete and supersimple. In the strongly minimal case, T* coincides with the theory of infinite dimensional pairs, which was used in 1184–1194) to study the geometric properties of T. In our SU-rank 1 setting, we use T* for the same purpose. In particular, we obtain a characterization of linearity (...) for SU-rank 1 structures by giving several equivalent conditions on T*, find a “weak” version of local modularity which is equivalent to linearity, show that linearity coincides with 1-basedness, and use the generic pairs to “recover” projective geometries over division rings from non-trivial linear SU-rank 1 structures. (shrink)

This communication deals with positive model theory, a non first order model theoretic setting which preserves compactness at the cost of giving up negation. Positive model theory deals transparently with hyperimaginaries, and accommodates various analytic structures which defy direct first order treatment. We describe the development of simplicity theory in this setting, and an application to the lovely pairs of models of simple theories without the weak non finite cover property.

Assume that the class of partial automorphisms of the monster model of a complete theory has the amalgamation property. The beautiful automorphisms are the automorphisms of models ofT which: 1. are strong, i.e. leave the algebraic closure (inT eq) of the empty set pointwise fixed, 2. are obtained by the Fraïsse construction using the amalgamation property that we have just mentioned. We show that all the beautiful automorphisms have the same theory (in the language ofT plus one unary function symbol (...) for the automorphism), and we study this theory. In particular, we examine the question of the saturation of the beautiful automorphisms. We also prove that in some cases (in particular if the theory is ω-stable andG-trivial), almost all (in the sense of Baire categoricity) automorphisms of the saturated countable model are beautiful and conjugate. (shrink)

We exhibit a theory where definable types lack the amalgamation property.

A structure M is pregeometric if the algebraic closure is a pregeometry in all structures elementarily equivalent to M. We define a generalisation: structures with an existential matroid. The main examples are superstable groups of Lascar U-rank a power of ω and d-minimal expansion of fields. Ultraproducts of pregeometric structures expanding an integral domain, while not pregeometric in general, do have a unique existential matroid. Generalising previous results by van den Dries, we define dense elementary pairs of structures expanding an (...) integral domain and with an existential matroid, and we show that the corresponding theories have natural completions, whose models also have a unique existential matroid. We also extend the above result to dense tuples of structures. (shrink)

We continue the study of the connection between the “geometric” properties of SU -rank 1 structures and the properties of “generic” pairs of such structures, started in [8]. In particular, we show that the SU-rank of the theory of generic pairs of models of an SU -rank 1 theory T can only take values 1 , 2 or ω, generalizing the corresponding results for a strongly minimal T in [3]. We also use pairs to derive the implication from pseudolinearity to (...) linearity for ω -categorical SU -rank 1 structures, established in [7], from the conjecture that an ω -categorical supersimple theory has finite SU -rank, and find a condition on generic pairs, equivalent to pseudolinearity in the general case. (shrink)

As a continuation of ideas initiated in [19], we study bi-colored (generic) expansions of geometric theories in the style of the Fraïssé–Hrushovski construction method. Here we examine that the properties $NTP_{2}$, strongness, $NSOP_{1}$, and simplicity can be transferred to the expansions. As a consequence, while the corresponding bi-colored expansion of a red non-principal ultraproduct of p-adic fields is $NTP_{2}$, the expansion of algebraically closed fields with generic automorphism is a simple theory. Furthermore, these theories are strong with $\operatorname {\mathrm {bdn}}(\text (...) {"}x=x\text {"})=(\aleph _0)_{-}$. (shrink)

Based on the work done in [][] in the o‐minimal and geometric settings, we study expansions of models of a supersimple theory with a new predicate distiguishing a set of forking‐independent elements that is dense inside a partial type, which we call H‐structures. We show that any two such expansions have the same theory and that under some technical conditions, the saturated models of this common theory are again H‐structures. We prove that under these assumptions the expansion is supersimple and (...) characterize forking and canonical bases of types in the expansion. We also analyze the effect these expansions have on one‐basedness and CM‐triviality. In the one‐based case, when T has SU‐rank and the SU‐rank is continuous, we take to be the type of elements of SU‐rank and we describe a natural “geometry of generics modulo H” associated with such expansions and show it is modular. (shrink)

Let T be a complete geometric theory and let $$T_P$$ T P be the theory of dense pairs of models of T. We show that if T is superrosy with "Equation missing"-rank 1 then $$T_P$$ T P is superrosy with "Equation missing"-rank at most $$\omega $$ ω.

We prove the NTP1 property of a geometric theory T is inherited by theories of lovely pairs and H‐structures associated to T. We also provide a class of examples of nonsimple geometric NTP1 theories.

Let T be a strongly minimal theory with quantifier elimination. We show that the class of existentially closed models of T{“σ is an automorphism”} is an elementary class if and only if T has the definable multiplicity property, as long as T is a finite cover of a strongly minimal theory which does have the definable multiplicity property. We obtain cleaner results working with several automorphisms, and prove: the class of existentially closed models of T{“σi is an automorphism”: i=1,2} is (...) an elementary class if and only if T has the definable multiplicity property. (shrink)

We study groups definable in tame expansions of ω-stable theories. Assuming several tameness conditions, we obtain structural theorems for groups definable and interpretable in these expansions. As our main example, by characterizing independence in the pair, where K is an algebraically closed field and G is a multiplicative subgroup of K× with the Mann property, we show that the pair satisfies the assumptions. In particular, this provides a characterization of definable and interpretable groups in in terms of algebraic groups in (...) K and interpretable groups in G. Furthermore, we compute the Morley rank and the U-rank in and both ranks agree. (shrink)

In this paper, we study an algebraically closed field \ expanded by two unary predicates denoting an algebraically closed proper subfield k and a multiplicative subgroup \. This will be a proper expansion of algebraically closed field with a group satisfying the Mann property, and also pairs of algebraically closed fields. We first characterize the independence in the triple \\). This enables us to characterize the interpretable groups when \ is divisible. Every interpretable group H in \\) is, up to (...) isogeny, an extension of a direct sum of k-rational points of an algebraic group defined over k and an interpretable abelian group in \ by an interpretable group N, which is the quotient of an algebraic group by a subgroup \, which in turn is isogenous to a cartesian product of k-rational points of an algebraic group defined over k and an interpretable abelian group in \. (shrink)

We study simplicity and stability in some large strongly homogeneous expansions of Hilbert spaces. Our approach to simplicity is that of Buechler and Lessmann 69). All structures we consider are shown to have built-in canonical bases.

We study the theory of the structure induced by parameter free formulas on a “dense” algebraically independent subset of a model of a geometric theory T. We show that while being a trivial geometric theory, inherits most of the model theoretic complexity of T related to stability, simplicity, rosiness, the NIP and the NTP2. In particular, we show that T is strongly minimal, supersimple of SU‐rank 1, has the NIP or the NTP2 exactly when has these properties. We show that (...) if T is superrosy of thorn rank 1, then so is, and that the converse holds if T satisfies acl = dcl. (shrink)

We study expansions of an algebraically closed field K or a real closed field R with a linearly independent subgroup G of the multiplicative group of the field or the unit circle group \\), satisfying a density/codensity condition. Since the set G is neither algebraically closed nor algebraically independent, the expansion can be viewed as “intermediate” between the two other types of dense/codense expansions of geometric theories: lovely pairs and H-structures. We show that in both the algebraically closed field and (...) real closed field cases, the resulting theory is near model complete and the expansion preserves many nice model theoretic conditions related to the complexity of definable sets such as stability and NIP. (shrink)

We study randomizations of definable groups. Whenever the underlying theory is stable or NIP and the group is definably amenable, we show its randomization is definably connected.

We show that if T is any geometric theory having the NTP2 then the corresponding theories of lovely pairs of models of T and of H‐structures associated to T also have the NTP2. We also prove that if T is strong then the same two expansions of T are also strong.

We explain and summarize the use of logic to provide a uniform perspective for studying limit laws on finite probability spaces. This work connects developments in stability theory, finite model theory, abstract model theory, and probability. We conclude by linking this context with work on the Urysohn space.