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  1. An Analysis of Turing’s Criterion for ‘Thinking’.Diane Proudfoot - 2022 - Philosophies 7 (6):124.
    In this paper I argue that Turing proposed a new approach to the concept of thinking, based on his claim that intelligence is an ‘emotional concept’; and that the response-dependence interpretation of Turing’s ‘criterion for “thinking”’ is a better fit with his writings than orthodox interpretations. The aim of this paper is to clarify the response-dependence interpretation, by addressing such questions as: What did Turing mean by the expression ‘emotional’? Is Turing’s criterion subjective? Are ‘emotional’ judgements decided by social consensus? (...)
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  • The Moral Turing Test: a defense.Einar Duenger Bohn - 2024 - Philosophy and Technology 37 (3):1-13.
    In this paper, I raise the question whether an artificial intelligence can act morally. I first sketch and defend a general picture of what is at stake in this question. I then sketch and defend a behavioral test, known as the Moral Turing Test, as a good sufficiency test for an artificial intelligence acting morally. I end by discussing some general anticipated objections.
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  • Intelligence as a Social Concept: a Socio-Technological Interpretation of the Turing Test.Shlomo Danziger - 2022 - Philosophy and Technology 35 (3):1-26.
    Alan Turing’s 1950 imitation game has been widely understood as a means for testing if an entity is intelligent. Following a series of papers by Diane Proudfoot, I offer a socio-technological interpretation of Turing’s paper and present an alternative way of understanding both the imitation game and Turing’s concept of intelligence. Turing, I claim, saw intelligence as a social concept, meaning that possession of intelligence is a property determined by society’s attitude toward the entity. He realized that as long as (...)
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  • The biological objection against strong AI.Sebastian Sunday Grève - forthcoming - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy.
    According to the biological objection against strong artificial intelligence (AI), machines cannot have human mindedness – that is, they cannot be conscious, intelligent, sentient, etc. in the precise way that a human being typically is – because this requires being alive, and machines are not alive. Proponents of the objection include John Lucas, Hubert Dreyfus, and John Searle. The present paper explains the nature and significance of the biological objection, before arguing that it currently represents an essentially irrational position.
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  • In Defence of a Reciprocal Turing Test.Fintan Mallory - 2020 - Minds and Machines 30 (4):659-680.
    The traditional Turing test appeals to an interrogator's judgement to determine whether or not their interlocutor is an intelligent agent. This paper argues that this kind of asymmetric experimental set-up is inappropriate for tracking a property such as intelligence because intelligence is grounded in part by symmetric relations of recognition between agents. In place, it proposes a reciprocal test which takes into account the judgments of both interrogators and competitors to determine if an agent is intelligent. This form of social (...)
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  • From Turing to Conscious Machines.Igor Aleksander - 2022 - Philosophies 7 (3):57.
    In the period between Turing’s 1950 “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” and the current considerable public exposure to the term “artificial intelligence ”, Turing’s question “Can a machine think?” has become a topic of daily debate in the media, the home, and, indeed, the pub. However, “Can a machine think?” is sliding towards a more controversial issue: “Can a machine be conscious?” Of course, the two issues are linked. It is held here that consciousness is a pre-requisite to thought. In Turing’s (...)
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  • A new Turing test: metaphor vs. nonsense.Irving Massey - 2021 - AI and Society 36 (3):677-684.
    My basic argument is that a computer cannot distinguish between metaphor and nonsense. This would be my new “Turing Test.” I was very fond of a particular Italian poem, but I was told by an Italian friend that it was a hackneyed poem of little worth. I then taught myself to experience the poem alternately, as real poetry and as the silly nonsense that my friend claimed it really was. Having done so, I realized that I could do the same (...)
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