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Evolution of Different Dual-use Concepts in International and National Law and Its Implications on Research Ethics and Governance

Johannes Rath, Monique Ischi & Dana Perkins

Science and Engineering Ethics 20 (3):769-790 (2014)

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Experimental Design: Ethics, Integrity and the Scientific Method.Jonathan Lewis - 2020 - In Ron Iphofen (ed.), Handbook of Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity. Springer. pp. 459-474.details Experimental design is one aspect of a scientific method. A well-designed, properly conducted experiment aims to control variables in order to isolate and manipulate causal effects and thereby maximize internal validity, support causal inferences, and guarantee reliable results. Traditionally employed in the natural sciences, experimental design has become an important part of research in the social and behavioral sciences. Experimental methods are also endorsed as the most reliable guides to policy effectiveness. Through a discussion of some of the central concepts (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 3 citations
The ethically significant difference between dual use and slippery slope arguments, in relation to CRISPR-Cas9: philosophical considerations and ethical challenges.Mario Kropf - forthcoming - Research Ethics.details Biomedical research, on the one hand, contributes to important goals from generation of knowledge about the human body to the development and testing of therapeutics of all kinds. On the other hand, it can produce serious and sometimes unforeseeable consequences. In the ethical analysis of these two aspects of biomedical research, two important argumentative strategies play a major role. First, slippery slope arguments are used to warn of potential risks and to highlight knowledge-based limitations. Second, a dual-use problem describes the (...) Download Export citation Bookmark
Considering the Human Implications of New and Emerging Technologies in the Area of Human Security.Emilio Mordini - 2014 - Science and Engineering Ethics 20 (3):617-638.details This special issue of Science and Engineering Ethics is devoted to the ethical, societal and political implications of new and emerging technologies in the area of Human Security. Its aim is to address the wider implications of an altered security landscape. Specifically, and in accordance with SEE’s main area of interest, contributions to this special issue focus on those ethical considerations warranted by scientific and technological advances in the field of human security. This includes, but is not restricted to, issues (...) Download Export citation Bookmark
Assessing dual use risks in AI research: necessity, challenges and mitigation strategies.Andreas Brenneis - forthcoming - Research Ethics.details This article argues that due to the difficulty in governing AI, it is essential to develop measures implemented early in the AI research process. The goal of dual use considerations is to create robust strategies that uphold AI’s integrity while protecting societal interests. The challenges of applying dual use frameworks to AI research are examined and dual use and dual use research of concern (DURC) are defined while highlighting the difficulties in balancing the technology’s benefits and risks. AI’s dual use (...) Download Export citation Bookmark
Conceptualizing dual use: A multidimensional approach.Martin Hähnel - forthcoming - Research Ethics.details The problem of dual use is characterized by a wide range of activities or types of research and technology utilization. In this article, I explore the phenomenon of dual use in several steps to make it accessible for ethical inquiries: first, I examine the phenomenon in more detail; is it a genuine property of technologies and methods, a fundamental problem for research ethics, or a specific precondition for trade-off situations? Second, I show that various factors contribute to a certain good (...) Download Export citation Bookmark
Defending and Defining Environmental Responsibilities for the Health Research Sector.Bridget Pratt - 2024 - Science and Engineering Ethics 30 (3):1-21.details Six planetary boundaries have already been exceeded, including climate change, loss of biodiversity, chemical pollution, and land-system change. The health research sector contributes to the environmental crisis we are facing, though to a lesser extent than healthcare or agriculture sectors. It could take steps to reduce its environmental impact but generally has not done so, even as the planetary emergency worsens. So far, the normative case for why the health research sector should rectify that failure has not been made. This (...) Download Export citation Bookmark
Biological Dual-Use Research and Synthetic Biology of Yeast.Angela Cirigliano, Orlando Cenciarelli, Andrea Malizia, Carlo Bellecci, Pasquale Gaudio, Michele Lioj & Teresa Rinaldi - 2017 - Science and Engineering Ethics 23 (2):365-374.details In recent years, the publication of the studies on the transmissibility in mammals of the H5N1 influenza virus and synthetic genomes has triggered heated and concerned debate within the community of scientists on biological dual-use research; these papers have raised the awareness that, in some cases, fundamental research could be directed to harmful experiments, with the purpose of developing a weapon that could be used by a bioterrorist. Here is presented an overview regarding the dual-use concept and its related international (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 2 citations

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