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  1. Animal Models in Forensic Science Research: Justified Use or Ethical Exploitation?Calvin Gerald Mole & Marise Heyns - 2019 - Science and Engineering Ethics 25 (4):1095-1110.
    A moral dilemma exists in biomedical research relating to the use of animal or human tissue when conducting scientific research. In human ethics, researchers need to justify why the use of humans is necessary should suitable models exist. Conversely, in animal ethics, a researcher must justify why research cannot be carried out on suitable alternatives. In the case of medical procedures or therapeutics testing, the use of animal models is often justified. However, in forensic research, the justification may be less (...)
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  • The Nuremberg Code subverts human health and safety by requiring animal modeling.Ray Greek, Annalea Pippus & Lawrence A. Hansen - 2012 - BMC Medical Ethics 13 (1):1-17.
    The requirement that animals be used in research and testing in order to protect humans was formalized in the Nuremberg Code and subsequent national and international laws, codes, and declarations. We review the history of these requirements and contrast what was known via science about animal models then with what is known now. We further analyze the predictive value of animal models when used as test subjects for human response to drugs and disease. We explore the use of animals for (...)
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  • Can animal data translate to innovations necessary for a new era of patient-centred and individualised healthcare? Bias in preclinical animal research.Susan Bridgwood Green - 2015 - BMC Medical Ethics 16 (1):1-14.
    BackgroundThe public and healthcare workers have a high expectation of animal research which they perceive as necessary to predict the safety and efficacy of drugs before testing in clinical trials. However, the expectation is not always realised and there is evidence that the research often fails to stand up to scientific scrutiny and its 'predictive value' is either weak or absent.DiscussionProblems with the use of animals as models of humans arise from a variety of biases and systemic failures including: 1) (...)
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