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  1. A discussion of Kretchmar’s elements of competition.Richard Royce - 2017 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 11 (2):178-191.
    Recently Kretchmar attempted to apply and to explore Husserl’s transcendental phenomenological method in relation to clarifying, in the context of sport particularly, the main features of competition. He concludes with the strong claim that competition is unintelligible unless understood in relation to the four elements of plurality, comparison, normativity, and disputation. Roughly, the idea is that competition needs to be understood as a context in which more than one competitor is involved; where competitors are compared; that comparisons are evaluations of (...)
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  • Revisiting Competitive Categories: A Reply to Royce.Steven Skultety - 2015 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 9 (1):6-17.
    In this article, I respond to the criticisms that Richard Royce has made of my theory of competition in Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. While I find some of his attacks misplaced, a number of his criticisms address key difficulties to which I offer clarification and defense.
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  • Racers, Pacers, Gender and Records: On the Meaning of Sport Competition and Competitors.Danny Rosenberg & Pam Sailors - 2014 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 8 (2):172-190.
    This paper examines footraces that are paced and unpaced, and runners who are pre-arranged, designated pacers and those who are not. Although pacesetting is commonplace in footraces today, the practice challenges our conception of sport competition, the nature of competitors and the meaning of records. For example, Bale calls paced races as ‘staged experiments’ to set world records and argues that pacers were crucial in the running career of Roger Bannister. In 2011, the International Association of Athletics Federation banned women’s (...)
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