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Philosophy of the social sciences

In Merrilee H. Salmon, John Earman, Clark Glymour & James G. Lennox (eds.), Introduction to the Philosophy of Science. Hackett Publishing Company (1992)

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  1. (1 other version)Points east and west: Acupuncture and comparative philosophy of science.Douglas Allchin - 1996 - Philosophy of Science 63 (3):115.
    Acupuncture, the traditional Chinese practice of needling to alleviate pain, offers a striking case where scientific accounts in two cultures, East and West, diverge sharply. Yet the Chinese comfortably embrace the apparent ontological incommensurability. Their pragmatic posture resonates with the New Experimentalism in the West--but with some provocative differences. The development of acupuncture in China (and not in the West) further suggests general research strategies in the context of discovery. My analysis also exemplifies how one might fruitfully pursue a comparative (...)
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  • Die Architektur der Synthese. Entstehung und Philosophie der modernen Evolutionstheorie.Marcel Weber - 1996 - Dissertation, University of Konstanz
    This Ph.D. thesis provides a pilosophical account of the structure of the evolutionary synthesis of the 1930s and 40s. The first, more historical part analyses how classical genetics came to be integrated into evolutionary thinking, highlighting in particular the importance of chromosomal mapping of Drosophila strains collected in the wild by Dobzansky, but also the work of Goldschmidt, Sumners, Timofeeff-Ressovsky and others. The second, more philosophical part attempts to answer the question wherein the unity of the synthesis consisted. I argue (...)
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  • (1 other version)As simetrias do modelo hempeliano de explicação.Túlio Roberto Xavier de Aguiar - 2005 - Kriterion: Journal of Philosophy 46 (111):138-152.
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  • 'Social identity'and 'shared worldview': Free riders in explanations of collective action.Helen Lauer - 2013 - Abstracta 7 (1).
    The notions 'worldview' and 'social identity' are examined to consider whether they contribute substantively to causal sequences or networks or thought clusters that result in group acts executed intentionally. ... Three proposed explanaitons of sectarian conflict or ethnic violence are analysed as examples of theories that causally link intenitonal group behaivour to the worldviews and social identities of the individual agents directly involved. But as will be shown, it is not a priori features of worldivews and identities as such, but (...)
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  • Scientific explanation and the sense of understanding.J. D. Trout - 2002 - Philosophy of Science 69 (2):212-233.
    Scientists and laypeople alike use the sense of understanding that an explanation conveys as a cue to good or correct explanation. Although the occurrence of this sense or feeling of understanding is neither necessary nor sufficient for good explanation, it does drive judgments of the plausibility and, ultimately, the acceptability, of an explanation. This paper presents evidence that the sense of understanding is in part the routine consequence of two well-documented biases in cognitive psychology: overconfidence and hindsight. In light of (...)
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  • Omniscience and the Identification Problem.Robert Bass - 2007 - Florida Philosophical Review 7 (1):78-91.
    I discuss the propositional knowledge of an omniscient being, knowledge of facts that can be represented by that-clauses in sentences such as ‘John knows that the world is round.’ I shall focus upon questions about a supposedly omniscient being who propositionally knows the truth about all current states of affairs. I shall argue that there is no such being.
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  • The symmetries of the Hempelian model of explanation.Túlio Roberto Xavier de Aguiar - 2006 - Kriterion: Journal of Philosophy 46 (111):0-0.
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  • (1 other version)Points East and West: Acupuncture and Comparative Philosophy of Science.Douglas Allchin - 1996 - Philosophy of Science 63 (5):S107-S115.
    Acupuncture, the traditional Chinese practice of needling to alleviate pain, offers a striking case where scientific accounts in two cultures, East and West, diverge sharply. Yet the Chinese comfortably embrace the apparent ontological incommensurability. Their pragmatic posture resonates with the New Experimentalism in the West--but with some provocative differences. The development of acupuncture in China further suggests general research strategies in the context of discovery. My analysis also exemplifies how one might fruitfully pursue a comparative philosophy of science that explores (...)
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  • Computational indeterminacy and explanations in cognitive science.Philippos Papayannopoulos, Nir Fresco & Oron Shagrir - 2022 - Biology and Philosophy 37 (6):1-30.
    Computational physical systems may exhibit indeterminacy of computation (IC). Their identified physical dynamics may not suffice to select a unique computational profile. We consider this phenomenon from the point of view of cognitive science and examine how computational profiles of cognitive systems are identified and justified in practice, in the light of IC. To that end, we look at the literature on the underdetermination of theory by evidence and argue that the same devices that can be successfully employed to confirm (...)
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  • Survey Exploring Views of Scientists on Current Trends in Chemistry Education.Xenofon Vamvakeros, Evangelia A. Pavlatou & Nicolas Spyrellis - 2010 - Science & Education 19 (2):119-145.
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  • Essentialism and Folkbiology: Evidence from Brazil.Paulo Sousa, Scott Atran & Douglas Medin - 2002 - Journal of Cognition and Culture 2 (3):195-223.
    Experimental results in reference to Brazilian children and adults are presented in the context of current discussions about essentialism and folkbiology. Using an adoption paradigm, we replicate the basic findings of a previous article in this journal concerning the early emergence in children of a birth-parent bias. This cognitive bias supports the claim that causal essentialism cross-culturally constrains the reasoning about the origin, development and maintenance of the characteristics and identity of living kinds. We also report some intriguing differences with (...)
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  • Огляд сучасної філософії науки.Олександр Габович & Володимир Кузнєцов - 2022 - Filosofska Dumka 2022 (1):115-133.
    Поняття «філософія науки» незаперечно увійшло до сучасного філософського дискурсу. У філо- софському та науковому середовищах є різні тлумачення філософії науки. Власне науку тради- ційно вважають суспільною інституцією, створеною з метою здобуття та застосування знань про природні та штучні реалії. Водночас введення поняття «філософія науки» було б три віальним, якби його обсяг зводився до перетину обсягів понять «наука» і «філософія». Пе ре- хід від тлумачення науки загалом до її розуміння як сукупності конкретних наук з особ ливими предметними галузями викликає виокремлення із (...)
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  • Dynamics of theory change in chemistry: Part 2. Benzene and molecular orbitals, 1945–1980.Stephen G. Brush - 1999 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 30 (2):263-302.
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