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Access to Life-Saving Medicines and Intellectual Property Rights: An Ethical Assessment

Doris Schroeder & Peter Singer

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 20 (2):279-289 (2011)

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Intellectual Property Rights and Global Climate Change: Toward Resolving an Apparent Dilemma.Justin B. Biddle - 2016 - Ethics, Policy and Environment 19 (3):301-319.details This paper addresses an apparent dilemma that must be resolved in order to respond ethically to global climate change. The dilemma can be presented as follows. Responding ethically to global climate change requires technological innovation that is accessible to everyone, including inhabitants of the least developed countries. Technological innovation, according to many, requires strong intellectual property protection, but strong intellectual property protection makes it highly unlikely that patent-protected technologies will be accessible to developing countries at affordable prices. Given this, responding (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 1 citation
Does the Pharmaceutical Sector Have a Coresponsibility for the Human Right to Health?Doris Schroeder - 2011 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 20 (2):298-308.details The highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental human right, which has been part of international law since 1948. States and their institutions are the primary duty bearers responsible for ensuring that human rights are respected, protected, and fulfilled. However, more recently it has been argued that pharmaceutical companies have a coresponsibility to fulfill the human right to health. Most prominently, this coresponsibility has been expressed in the United Nations Millennium Goal 8 Target 4. “In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 7 citations
Epilogue: New Drugs for Neglected Diseases.Thomas Pogge & Aidan Hollis - 2011 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 20 (2):329-334.details In a widely cited 2003 article, DiMasi, Hansen, and Grabowski estimated the cost of pharmaceutical research and development to be $1.1 billion per new medicine coming onto the market in 2001. They also estimate that this cost is going up at a real rate of 7.4% annually. According to these estimates, the innovation cost per new medicine today is about $2.1 billion or $2.65 billion. Download Export citation Bookmark
A Framework for Understanding Ethical and Efficiency Issues in Pharmaceutical Intellectual Property Litigation.Margaret Oppenheimer, Helen LaVan & William F. Martin - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 132 (3):505-524.details Developing and applying a framework for understanding the complexities of economic and legal considerations in two recent Supreme Court rulings was the focus of this research. Of especial concern was the protection of intellectual property in the pharmaceutical industry. Two cases from 2013 were selected: FTC v. Activis and Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.. Part of the rationale for the selection was the importance of the Supreme Court rulings and the importance of the pharmaceutical sector. A qualitative (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 2 citations
Equitable Access to Human Biological Resources in Developing Countries: Benefit Sharing Without Undue Inducement.Roger Scarlin Chennells - 2015 - Cham: Imprint: Springer.details The main question explored by the book is: How can cross-border access to human genetic resources, such as blood or DNA samples, be governed in such a way as to achieve equity for vulnerable populations in developing countries? The book situates the field of genomic and genetic research within global health and research frameworks, describing the concerns that have been raised about the potential unfairness in exchanges during recent decades. Access to and sharing in the benefits of human biological resources (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 4 citations

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