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Introduction: Lessons from the Scientific Butchery

In Joseph Keim Campbell, Michael O'Rourke & Matthew H. Slater (eds.), Carving nature at its joints: natural kinds in metaphysics and science. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press (2011)

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  1. New Techniques of Difference: On Data as School Pupils.Ernst D. Thoutenhoofd - 2016 - Studies in Philosophy and Education 36 (5):517-532.
    Pupils—the learners of both educational thought and of educational practice—exist ever more as data, as do the strictures and goals through which these pupils are pedagogically managed. I elaborate this thought by way of a single example: a particular kind of pupils whose number is reportedly on the increase, namely pupils diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In my analysis I combine Hacking’s nominalist conception of human kinds and Weber’s instrumental rationalism with recent thinking about the effects of digital technologies (...)
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  • How Science and Semantics Settle the Issue of Natural Kind Essentialism.Christian Nimtz - 2018 - Erkenntnis 86 (1):149-170.
    Standard arguments for essentialism with respect to natural kinds such as gold, star, water or tiger enlist essentialist principles or essentialist intuitions. I argue that we need neither. All it takes to establish essentialism for the kinds in question are insights from science and semantics. Semantics establishes that natural kind predicates such as “is gold” or “is a star” are paradigm terms whose application conditions are relationally determined, object involving, and actuality dependent. Science assures us that a posteriori hypotheses such (...)
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  • Hegel's Essentialism. Natural Kinds and the Metaphysics of Explanation in Hegel's Theory of ‘the Concept’.Franz Knappik - 2016 - European Journal of Philosophy 24 (4):760-787.
    Several recent interpretations see Hegel's theory of the Concept as a form of conceptual realism, according to which finite reality is articulated by objectively existing concepts. More precisely, this theory has been interpreted as a version of natural kind essentialism, and it has been proposed that its function is to account for the possibility of genuine explanations. This suggests a promising way to reconstruct the argument that Hegel's theory of objective concepts is based on—an argument that shows that the possibility (...)
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  • Descriptive Methods and the “Dysfunction” Model in Psychiatry.Kohji Ishihara - 2014 - Kagaku Tetsugaku 47 (2):17-32.
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  • Prečo nie je možné vylepšiť, ale len definitívne nahradiť a prekonať človeka.Robert Burgan - 2014 - E-Logos 21 (1):1-15.
    V prvej časti tohto príspevku diskutujem o hlavných myšlienkach Coenenovej et al. štúdie (2009) o ľudskom zdokonaľovaní, ktorá bola nedávno vypracovaná pre Európsky parlament, v druhej časti definujem ľudskú podstatu a prirodzenosť ako takú, zdôrazňujúc, že ľudská podstata nie je biologická, ale sociálno-kultúrna, a ľudská prirodzenosť nielen bio-psycho-socio-kultúrna, ale súčasne aj fyzikálna, chemická a geologická. V tretej časti nakoniec veľmi stručne opisujem podmienky, za ktorých bude naša ľudská alebo sociálna forma pohybu hmoty definitívne vystriedaná dokonalejšou a "morálnejšou" nadsociálnou formou pohybu.
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  • The Many Faces of Realism about Natural Kinds.Zdenka Brzović - forthcoming - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie:1-19.
    The label realist in the debate about natural kinds can imply different things. Many authors in this debate subscribe to views that are in some way realist, but without making clear whether the realism in question specifically attaches to kind categories or something else. The traditional understanding of realism about natural kinds is stated in terms of the mind-independence criterion. However, a recent tendency in the debate is to reject this understanding on the ground of its incompatibility with naturalistic approaches (...)
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