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  1. (1 other version)„Zusammenwirken“ oder „Wettstreit der Nationen“: Kooperation und Konkurrenz in der deutschen Antarktisexploration um 1900.Kärin Nickelsen & Liza Soutschek - 2019 - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 27 (3):229-263.
    ZusammenfassungDie Erforschung der Antarktis galt um 1900 als eine der letzten großen Herausforderungen im Zuge der Erschließung der Welt. Viele Nationen beteiligten sich daran, darunter das deutsche Kaiserreich. So fanden im Jahrzehnt vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg auch zwei deutsche Antarktisexpeditionen statt: von 1901 bis 1903 unter der Leitung von Erich von Drygalski und in den Jahren 1911/12 unter der Leitung Wilhelm Filchners. Die Forschung hat das Verhältnis zwischen den Unternehmen der verschiedenen Nationen bislang oftmals mit einem Fokus entweder auf Wettbewerb (...)
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  • (1 other version)„Zusammenwirken“ oder „Wettstreit der Nationen“A Cooperative and Competitive Endeavour.Liza Soutschek & Kärin Nickelsen - 2019 - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 27 (3):229-263.
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  • Orientations and Disorientations in the History of Science How Measures Made a Difference at the Imperial Meridian.Simon Schaffer - 2022 - Centaurus 64 (4):829-856.
    Historians of the sciences have paid great attention to the ways that faith in what has been called the quantitative spirit emerged as a dominant feature of the politics of science, a theme of obvious salience in current epidemiological and climate crises. There are instructive connexions between measurement practices and orientation towards other cultures—as though scientific modernity somehow appeared through the primacy of robust quantification over subaltern, past, and exotic worlds, where merely provisional judgment allegedly still operated. This highly simplistic (...)
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  • Science, Fascism, and Foreign Policy: The Exhibition “Scienza Universale” at the 1942 Rome World’s Fair.Geert Somsen - 2017 - Isis 108 (4):769-791.
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  • Inventing the Scientific Revolution.James A. Secord - 2023 - Isis 114 (1):50-76.
    As a master narrative for understanding the emergence of the modern world, the concept of a seventeenth-century scientific revolution has been central to the history of science. It is generally believed that this key analytical framework was created in Europe and became widely used for the first time during the Cold War through the writings of Herbert Butterfield and Alexander Koyré. This view, however, is mistaken. The scientific revolution is largely a product of debates about social reconstruction in the United (...)
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  • Das Formelle und das Informelle in der Geschichte der sozialistischen Wissenschaftsverflechtung in Mittel- und Osteuropa.Jan Surman & Tomáš W. Pavlíček - 2024 - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 32 (2):137-166.
    With the emergence of Olympic internationalism, scholarly networking in East Central Europe came to be dominated by the idea of scholars representing their nations, which replaced the previously leading pattern of private elite scholars with extensive international contacts. This also formalised trans-border contacts, which became increasingly seen as international. In this article, we trace the relationship between these formal and informal networks from the late 19th century to the end of the socialist period, showing that even as formalisation grew, it (...)
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  • Introduction: have we ever been ‘transnational’? Towards a history of science across and beyond borders.Simone Turchetti, Néstor Herran & Soraya Boudia - 2012 - British Journal for the History of Science 45 (3):319-336.
    In recent years, historians have debated the prospect of offering new ‘transnational’ or ‘global’ perspectives in their studies. This paper introduces the reader to this special issue by analysing characteristics, merits and flaws of these approaches. It then considers how historians of science have practised transnational history without, however, paying sufficient attention to the theoretical foundations of this approach. Its final part illustrates what benefits may derive from the application of transnational history in the field. In particular, we suggest looking (...)
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  • International Culture Collections and the Value of Microbial Life: Johanna Westerdijk’s Fungi and Ernst Georg Pringsheim’s Algae.Charles A. Kollmer - 2022 - Journal of the History of Biology 55 (1):59-87.
    Around the turn of the twentieth century, microbiologists in Western Europe and North America began to organize centralized collections of microbial cultures. Collectors published lists of the strains they cultured, offering to send duplicates to colleagues near and far. This essay explores the history of microbial culture collections through two cases: Johanna Westerdijk’s collection of phytopathogenic fungi in the Netherlands and Ernst Georg Pringsheim’s collection of single-celled algae at the German University in Prague. Historians of science have tended to look (...)
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  • Science and Internationalism in Germany: Helmholtz, Du Bois-Reymond and Their Critics.Daan Wegener - 2009 - Centaurus 51 (4):265-287.
    Abstract.In the wake of the Franco-Prussian war, scientific nationalism became a subject of scientific controversy in Germany. This paper explores the controversy between the cosmopolitan physiologists Hermann von Helmholtz and Emil du Bois-Reymond on the one hand, and the nationalistic economist-philosopher Eugen Dühring and the astrophysicist Johann Carl Friedrich Zöllner on the other. It argues that Helmholtz’ frequent visits to Britain helped him keep abreast of scientific developments there and shaped his ideas of science and society. They also changed his (...)
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  • Needham at the crossroads: history, politics and international science in wartime China.Thomas Mougey - 2017 - British Journal for the History of Science 50 (1):83-109.
    In 1946, the British biochemist Joseph Needham returned from a four-year stay in China. Needham scholars have considered this visit as a revelatory period that paved the way for his famous book seriesScience and Civilization in China. Surprisingly, however, Needham's actual time in China has remained largely unstudied over the last seventy years. As director of the Sino-British Scientific Cooperation Office, Needham travelled throughout Free China to promote cooperation between British and Chinese scientists to contain the Japanese invasion during the (...)
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  • Materialized internationalism: How the IAEA made the Vinča Dosimetry Experiment, and how the experiment made the IAEA.Toshihiro Higuchi & Jacques E. C. Hymans - 2021 - Centaurus 63 (2):244-261.
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  • Crafting Europe from CERN to Dubna: Physics as diplomacy in the foundation of the European Physical Society.Roberto Lalli - 2021 - Centaurus 63 (1):103-131.
    The year 1968 is universally considered a watershed in history, as the world was experiencing an accelerated growth of anti-establishment protests that would have long-lasting impacts on the cultural, social, and political spheres of human life. On September 26, amid social and political unrest across the globe, 62 physicists gathered in Geneva to found the European Physical Society. Among these were the official representatives of the national physical societies of 18 countries in both Eastern and Western Europe, who signed the (...)
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  • Cultivating the Herb Garden of Scandinavian Mathematics: The Congresses of Scandinavian Mathematicians, 1909-1925.Laura E. Turner & Henrik Kragh Sørensen - 2013 - Centaurus 55 (4):385-411.
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  • A “Truly International” Discipline: Adverbs, Ideals, and the Reinvention of International Mathematics, 1920–1950.Michael J. Barany - 2023 - Isis 114 (4):791-816.
    Examining how, and to what effect, the phrase “truly international” became central to the rhetoric and organization of the American-hosted 1950 International Congress of Mathematicians, this essay traces the negotiation of a “truly international” discipline from mathematicians’ first international congresses around the turn of the century across two world wars and their divisive interlude. Two failed attempts to host international congresses of mathematicians in the United States, for 1924 and 1940, defined the stakes for those who became the principal organizers (...)
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