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  1. Beyond Trade-Offs: Autonomy, Effectiveness, Fairness, and Normativity in Risk and Crisis Communication.Federico Germani, Giovanni Spitale & Nikola Biller-Andorno - 2024 - American Journal of Bioethics 24 (6):1-4.
    This paper addresses the critiques based on trade-offs and normativity presented in response to our target article proposing the Public Health Emergency Risk and Crisis Communication (PHERCC) framework. These critiques highlight the ethical dilemmas in crisis communication, particularly the balance between promoting public autonomy through transparent information and the potential stigmatization of specific population groups, as illustrated by the discussion of the mpox outbreak among men who have sex with men. This critique underscores the inherent tension between communication effectiveness and (...)
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  • Ethical Tradeoffs in Public Health Emergency Crisis Communication.Justin Bernstein, Anne Barnhill & Ruth R. Faden - 2024 - American Journal of Bioethics 24 (4):83-85.
    Spitale et al. (2024) address a public health ethics question of great importance: How should governments communicate with the public during public health emergencies? The article highlights severa...
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  • Separating the Signal from the Noise in Public Health Messaging: The UK’s COVID-19 Experience.Gah-Kai Leung - 2024 - American Journal of Bioethics 24 (4):99-101.
    Spitale, Germani, and Biller-Andorno’s (2024) PHERCC matrix sets out a useful and systematic framework for risk and crisis communication in public health emergencies. A problem in ensuring effective messaging is the extent to which the messaging environment is *quiet* or *noisy*: in other words, whether or not a message has to *compete with other messages* at the same time. I use the example of the UK’s experience during COVID-19, which was marked by tensions between the devolved regional governments—and consequently divergent (...)
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  • Optimizing the PHERCC Matrix for Risk Communication: Integrating Action-Guiding Models for Enhanced Accessibility and Applicability.Pranab Rudra & Frank Ursin - 2024 - American Journal of Bioethics 24 (4):89-91.
    Spitale, Germani, and Biller-Andorno (2024) have proposed a comprehensive framework for navigating the ethical dilemmas associated with risk and crisis communication (RCC) during public health emer...
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  • Challenges of Bioethics Frameworks for Non-Democratic Contexts.Ehsan Shamsi-Gooshki - 2024 - American Journal of Bioethics 24 (4):105-107.
    Spitale, Germani, and Biller-Andorno (2024) presented an ethical framework for managing risk and crisis communication (RCC) during public health emergencies (PHE) in their recent paper. They advoca...
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  • Making Ethical Considerations Transparent in the Formulation of Public Health Guidance.William Paul Kabasenche - 2024 - American Journal of Bioethics 24 (4):97-99.
    In a town near mine, a small business owner used their changeable-letter sign to wage a public protest against a variety of restrictions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Unlike a great man...
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  • Using the PHERCC Matrix to Define Essential Workers During Public Health Emergencies.Elika Somani & Benjamin E. Berkman - 2024 - American Journal of Bioethics 24 (4):94-96.
    The risk and crisis communication process in public health emergencies (PHERCC, public health emergency risk and crisis communication) matrix, as proposed by Spitale, Germani, and Biller-Andorno (2...
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  • Think Like a Journalist and Act as a Risk and Crisis Communicator in the Context of Public Health Emergencies.Cesare Buquicchio - 2024 - American Journal of Bioethics 24 (4):86-89.
    For risk and crisis communication in health emergencies and for the management of infodemics, now is the time to intervene. A time that precedes the arrival of the next health emergency and a time...
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  • Disruptive Technologies and Open Science: How Open Should Open Science Be? A ‘Third Bioethics’ Ethical Framework.Giovanni Spitale, Federico Germani & Nikola Biller-Andorno - 2024 - Science and Engineering Ethics 30 (4):1-18.
    This paper investigates the ethical implications of applying open science (OS) practices on disruptive technologies, such as generative AIs. Disruptive technologies, characterized by their scalability and paradigm-shifting nature, have the potential to generate significant global impact, and carry a risk of dual use. The tension arises between the moral duty of OS to promote societal benefit by democratizing knowledge and the risks associated with open dissemination of disruptive technologies. Van Rennselaer Potter's ‘third bioethics’ serves as the founding horizon for an (...)
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  • Health and Data Equity in Public Health Emergency Risk and Crisis Communication (PHERCC).Calvin Wai-Loon Ho - 2024 - American Journal of Bioethics 24 (4):102-104.
    The ethical restatement of the “risk and crisis communication in public health emergency” (PHERCC) matrix by Spitale et al. (2024) is a step up from mainstream approaches like the Crisis and Emerge...
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