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  1. Memory model of information transmitted in absolute judgment.Lance Nizami - 2011 - Kybernetes 40:80-109.
    Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the popular “information transmitted” interpretation of absolute judgments, and to provide an alternative interpretation if one is needed. Design/methodology/approach – The psychologists Garner and Hake and their successors used Shannon’s Information Theory to quantify information transmitted in absolute judgments of sensory stimuli. Here, information theory is briefly reviewed, followed by a description of the absolute judgment experiment, and its information theory analysis. Empirical channel capacities are scrutinized. A remarkable coincidence, the (...)
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  • Interpretation of absolute judgments using information theory: channel capacity or memory capacity?Lance Nizami - 2010 - Cybernetics and Human Knowing 17:111-155.
    Shannon’s information theory has been a popular component of first-order cybernetics. It quantifies information transmitted in terms of the number of times a sent symbol is received as itself, or as another possible symbol. Sent symbols were events and received symbols were outcomes. Garner and Hake reinterpreted Shannon, describing events and outcomes as categories of a stimulus attribute, so as to quantify the information transmitted in the psychologist’s category (or absolute judgment) experiment. There, categories are represented by specific stimuli, and (...)
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  • Sequential effects and memory in category judgments.Lawrence M. Ward & G. R. Lockhead - 1970 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 84 (1):27.
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  • Anchoring effects of trait range in impression formation.David D. Simpson, Thomas M. Ostrom & Lloyd R. Sloan - 1973 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 2 (6):383-384.
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