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  1. Statistics and Probability Have Always Been Value-Laden: An Historical Ontology of Quantitative Research Methods.Michael J. Zyphur & Dean C. Pierides - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 167 (1):1-18.
    Quantitative researchers often discuss research ethics as if specific ethical problems can be reduced to abstract normative logics (e.g., virtue ethics, utilitarianism, deontology). Such approaches overlook how values are embedded in every aspect of quantitative methods, including ‘observations,’ ‘facts,’ and notions of ‘objectivity.’ We describe how quantitative research practices, concepts, discourses, and their objects/subjects of study have always been value-laden, from the invention of statistics and probability in the 1600s to their subsequent adoption as a logic made to appear as (...)
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  • Mario Bunge (1919–2020): Conjoining Philosophy of Science and Scientific Philosophy.Martin Mahner - 2021 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 52 (1):3-23.
    The leitmotif of Mario Bunge’s work was that the philosophy of science should be informed by a comprehensive scientific philosophy, and vice versa; with both firmly rooted in realism and materialism. Now Bunge left such a big oeuvre, comprising more than 70 books and hundreds of articles, that it is impossible to review it in its entirety. In addition to biographical remarks, this obituary will therefore restrict itself to some select issues of his philosophy: his scientific metaphysics, his philosophy of (...)
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  • Problems with the deductivist image of scientific reasoning.Philip Catton - 1999 - Philosophy of Science 66 (3):473.
    There seem to be some very good reasons for a philosopher of science to be a deductivist about scientific reasoning. Deductivism is apparently connected with a demand for clarity and definiteness in the reconstruction of scientists' reasonings. And some philosophers even think that deductivism is the way around the problem of induction. But the deductivist image is challenged by cases of actual scientific reasoning, in which hard-to-state and thus discursively ill-defined elements of thought nonetheless significantly condition what practitioners accept as (...)
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  • The Principia’s second law (as Newton understood it) from Galileo to Laplace.Bruce Pourciau - 2020 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 74 (3):183-242.
    Newton certainly regarded his second law of motion in the Principia as a fundamental axiom of mechanics. Yet the works that came after the Principia, the major treatises on the foundations of mechanics in the eighteenth century—by Varignon, Hermann, Euler, Maclaurin, d’Alembert, Euler (again), Lagrange, and Laplace—do not record, cite, discuss, or even mention the Principia’s statement of the second law. Nevertheless, the present study shows that all of these scientists do in fact assume the principle that the Principia’s second (...)
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  • The late arrival of academic applied mathematics in the United States: a paradox, theses, and literature.Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze - 2003 - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 11 (2):116-127.
    The article discusses the “paradox of the late (around 1940) arrival of academic applied mathematics in the U.S.” as compared to Europe, in particular Germany. A short description of both the indigenous traditions in the U.S. and (in some more detail) of the transfer of scientific ideas, persons, and ideals originating in Europe, particularly in Germany, is given, and some theses, relevant literature, and a tentative solution of the “paradox” are provided.
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  • Euler first theory of resonance.Sylvio R. Bistafa - 2022 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 76 (3):207-221.
    We examine a publication by Euler, De novo genere oscillationum, written in 1739 and published in 1750, in which he derived for the first time, the differential equation of the (undamped) simple harmonic oscillator under harmonic excitation, namely the motion of an object acted on by two forces, one proportional to the distance traveled, the other varying sinusoidally with time. He then developed a general solution, using two different methods of integration, making extensive use of direct and inverse sine and (...)
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  • Why Axiomatize?Mario Bunge - 2017 - Foundations of Science 22 (4):695-707.
    Axiomatization is uncommon outside mathematics, partly for being often viewed as embalming, partly because the best-known axiomatizations have serious shortcomings, and partly because it has had only one eminent champion, namely David Hilbert. The aims of this paper are to describe what will be called dual axiomatics, for it concerns not just the formalism, but also the meaning of the key concepts; and to suggest that every instance of dual axiomatics presupposes some philosophical view or other. To illustrate these points, (...)
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  • The inconsistency of Physics.Robert W. Batterman - 2014 - Synthese 191 (13):2973-2992.
    This paper discusses a conception of physics as a collection of theories that, from a logical point of view, is inconsistent. It is argued that this logical conception of the relations between physical theories is too crude. Mathematical subtleties allow for a much more nuanced and sophisticated understanding of the relations between different physical theories.
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  • Has chaos been explained?Jeffrey Koperski - 2001 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 52 (4):683-700.
    In his recent book, Explaining Chaos, Peter Smith presents a new problem in the foundations of chaos theory. Specifically, he argues that the standard ways of justifying idealizations in mathematical models fail when it comes to the infinite intricacy found in strange attractors. I argue that Smith's analysis undermines much of the explanatory power of chaos theory. A better approach is developed by drawing analogies from the models found in continuum mechanics.
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  • The History of the Planar Elastica: Insights into Mechanics and Scientific Method.Victor Geoffrey Alan Goss - 2009 - Science & Education 18 (8):1057-1082.
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  • Science and Religion.Jeffrey Koperski - 2015 - In The Physics of Theism: God, Physics, and the Philosophy of Science. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 11–57.
    To understand the relation between science and religion, this chapter begins with some history. It starts with ancient Greece, tracing the influence of Aristotelian thought into the late Middle Ages. A turning point occurs in the 14th century with attacks on Aristotelian/ Thomism. This shift reverberates through Galileo, Descartes, Boyle, and the early modern era. After the overview of history, the chapter considers the overall structure of science and several models used to describe its relationship to religion. At the end, (...)
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  • Whittaker’s analytical dynamics: a biography.S. C. Coutinho - 2014 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 68 (3):355-407.
    Originally published in 1904, Whittaker’s A Treatise on the Analytical Dynamics of Particles and Rigid Bodies soon became a classic of the subject and has remained in print for most of these 108 years. In this paper, we follow the book as it develops from a report that Whittaker wrote for the British Society for the Advancement of Science to its influence on Dirac’s version of quantum mechanics in the 1920s and beyond.
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