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  1. The Influence of Distributive Justice on Lying for and Stealing from a Supervisor.Elizabeth E. Umphress, Lily Run Ren, John B. Bingham & Celile Itir Gogus - 2009 - Journal of Business Ethics 86 (4):507-518.
    In a controlled laboratory experiment, we found evidence for our predictions that participants who received fair distributive treatment were more likely to lie to give a supervisor a good performance evaluation than those treated unfairly, and those who received unfair distributive treatment were more likely to steal money from a supervisor than those treated fairly. We further proposed that the presence of an ethical code of conduct would moderate these relationships such that when the code was present these relationships would (...)
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  • Corporate Codes of Conduct: The Effects of Code Content and Quality on Ethical Performance. [REVIEW]Patrick M. Erwin - 2011 - Journal of Business Ethics 99 (4):535 - 548.
    Corporate codes of conduct are a practical corporate social responsibility (CSR) instrument commonly used to govern employee behavior and establish a socially responsible organizational culture. The effectiveness of these codes has been widely discussed on theoretical grounds and empirically tested in numerous previous reports that directly compare companies with and without codes of conduct. Empirical research has yielded inconsistent results that may be explained by multiple ancillary factors, including the quality of code content and implementation, which are excluded from analyses (...)
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  • Business Students' and Practitioners' Ethical Decisions over Time.James R. Glenn & M. Frances Van Loo - 1993 - Journal of Business Ethics 12 (11):835-847.
    This paper compares the ethical decisions and attitudes of business students and practitioners. Recent unpublished data from a national study of over 1600 students are contrasted with information reported previously. Students are found consistently to make less ethical choices than practitioners, and there is some indication that students are making less ethical choices in the 1980s than in the 1960s. In addition, both students and practitioners agree that buyers should beware, view the role of business more narrowly, and find fewer (...)
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  • Defining “Ethical Mathematical Practice” Through Engagement with Discipline-Adjacent Practice Standards and the Mathematical Community.Catherine A. Buell, Victor I. Piercey & Rochelle E. Tractenberg - 2024 - Science and Engineering Ethics 30 (3):1-31.
    This project explored what constitutes “ethical practice of mathematics”. Thematic analysis of ethical practice standards from mathematics-adjacent disciplines (statistics and computing), were combined with two organizational codes of conduct and community input resulting in over 100 items. These analyses identified 29 of the 52 items in the 2018 American Statistical Association Ethical Guidelines for Statistical Practice, and 15 of the 24 additional (unique) items from the 2018 Association of Computing Machinery Code of Ethics for inclusion. Three of the 29 items (...)
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  • Why comply with a code of ethics?Georg Spielthenner - 2015 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 18 (2):195-202.
    A growing number of professional associations and occupational groups are creating codes of ethics with the goal of guiding their members, protecting service users, and safeguarding the reputation of the profession. There is a great deal of literature dealing with the question to what extent ethical codes can achieve their desired objectives. The present paper does not contribute to this debate. Its aim is rather to investigate how rational it is to comply with codes of conduct. It is natural and (...)
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  • The Effectiveness of Business Codes: A Critical Examination of Existing Studies and the Development of an Integrated Research Model.Muel Kaptein & Mark S. Schwartz - 2007 - Journal of Business Ethics 77 (2):111-127.
    Business codes are a widely used management instrument. Research into the effectiveness of business codes has, however, produced conflicting results. The main reasons for the divergent findings are: varying definitions of key terms; deficiencies in the empirical data and methodologies used; and a lack of theory. In this paper, we propose an integrated research model and suggest directions for future research.
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  • A Study of Codes of Ethics for Mexican Microfinance Institutions.Lauren Kleynjans & Marek Hudon - 2016 - Journal of Business Ethics 134 (3):397-412.
    Most scholarly interest in codes of ethics or conduct has focused on traditional companies. Little is known about the codes of social enterprises or hybrid organizations such as microfinance institutions. Our paper provides a comparative case study of the codes of a Mexican microfinance network and seven MFIs. Using the corporate integrity model, we analyze the content of MFIs’ codes compared to those of traditional organizations. We then examine to what extent some specific features of MFIs such as their mission, (...)
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  • The Organization of Ethics and the Ethics of Organizations: The Case for Expanded Organizational Ethics Audits.John W. Hill - 1993 - Business Ethics Quarterly 3 (1):27-44.
    The United States Sentencing Commission’s guidelines for the sentencing of organizations found guilty of violating federal laws recently became effective. Dramatically increased penalties are possible under these gudelines, but so too is a substantial reduction in the penalties imposed on organizations that have an effective program in place to prevent and detect violations. This provides corporations with a tremendous new incentive in inaugurate organizational ethics audits both to avoid violations in the first instance and to reduce the penalty imposed in (...)
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  • Business ethics: A literature review with a focus on marketing ethics. [REVIEW]John Tsalikis & David J. Fritzsche - 1989 - Journal of Business Ethics 8 (9):695 - 743.
    In recent years, the business ethics literature has exploded in both volume and importance. Because of the sheer volume and diversity of this literature, a review article was deemed necessary to provide focus and clarity to the area. The present paper reviews the literature on business ethics with a special focus in marketing ethics. The literature is divided into normative and empirical sections, with more emphasis given to the latter. Even though the majority of the articles deal with the American (...)
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  • Corporate ethics statements: Current status and future prospects. [REVIEW]Patrick E. Murphy - 1995 - Journal of Business Ethics 14 (9):727 - 740.
    This paper reports on a study of large U.S. based corporations concerning the status of formal ethics statements. Almost all responding firms (91%) have promulgated a formal code of ethics while one-half have published values statements and about one-third have a corporate credo. Analysis of these statements concentrated on to whom they are communicated; whether codes of ethics contain information pertinent to the industry, include sanctions for violations and provide specific guidance regarding gifts. Conclusions and implications for managers and researchers (...)
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  • The defense industry initiative: Ethics, self-regulation, and accountability. [REVIEW]Nancy B. Kurland - 1993 - Journal of Business Ethics 12 (2):137 - 145.
    In 1986, President Reagan created the Packard Commission, a blue-ribbon commission to investigate defense contracting procurement fraud. The Packard Commission''s major recommendation was for defense contractors to adopt ethics programs. Out of this recommendation emerged the Defense Industry Initiative (DII). This paper examines this Initiative and focuses on the DII''s six principles. In particular, this paper explores the implications the DII has had with respect to (1) pursuing intra-industry cooperation and setting industry-wide standards; (2) monitoring compliance; (3) the paradox inherent (...)
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  • Corporate Ethical Policies in Large Corporations in Argentina, Brazil and Spain.Domènec Melé, Patricia Debeljuh & M. Cecilia Arruda - 2006 - Journal of Business Ethics 63 (1):21-38.
    This paper examines the status of Corporate Ethical Policies (CEP) in large companies in Argentina, Brazil and Spain, with a special emphasis on Corporate Ethics Statements (CES), documents that define the firms’ philosophy, values and norms of conduct. It is based on a survey of the 500 largest companies in these nations. The findings reveal many similarities between these countries. Among other things, it emerges that most companies give consideration to ethics in business and have adopted some kind of formal (...)
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  • The content and focus of canadian corporate codes of ethics.Maurica Lefebvre & Jang B. Singh - 1992 - Journal of Business Ethics 11 (10):799 - 808.
    This paper primarily reports the findings of content analyses of seventy-five codes of ethics ofFinancial Post 500 corporations. The contents of each code were comprehensively evaluated along sixty-one criteria according to four levels. It was found that the focus of these codes was the protection of the firm. While some of them refer to issues of social responsibility, they are principally concerned with conduct against the firm.
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  • Eighteen rules for writing a code of professional ethics.Michael Davis - 2007 - Science and Engineering Ethics 13 (2):171-189.
    Most professional societies, scientific associations, and the like that undertake to write a code of ethics do so using other codes as models but without much (practical) guidance about how to do the work. The existing literature on codes is much more concerned with content than procedure. This paper adds to guidance already in the literature what I learned from participating in the writing of an important code of ethics. The guidance is given in the form of “rules” each of (...)
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  • Toward Effective Codes: Testing the Relationship with Unethical Behavior. [REVIEW]Muel Kaptein - 2011 - Journal of Business Ethics 99 (2):233 - 251.
    A business code of ethics is widely regarded as an important instrument to curb unethical behavior in the workplace. However, little is empirically known about the factors that determine the impact of a code on unethical behavior. Besides the existence of a code, this article studies five determining factors: the content of the code, the frequency of communication activities surrounding the code, the quality of the communication activities, and the embedment of the code in the organization by senior management as (...)
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  • Effects of Illegal Behavior on the Financial Performance of US Banking Institutions.Mohamad Jamal Zeidan - 2013 - Journal of Business Ethics 112 (2):313-324.
    This study investigates whether financial performance is affected by corporate violations of laws and regulations. In a sample of 128 publicly traded banks that were subject to enforcement actions by US regulatory authorities over a 20-year period, we observed a significant negative market reaction pursuant to the violations. However, the market reaction did not vary meaningfully in accordance with the severity or repetitiveness of the violation. The results of this study are in conformity with previous research on industries other than (...)
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  • There are no Codes, Only Interpretations. Practical Wisdom and Hermeneutics in Monastic Organizations.Guillaume Mercier & Ghislain Deslandes - 2017 - Journal of Business Ethics 145 (4):781-794.
    Corporate codes of ethics, which have spread in the last decades, have shown a limited ability to foster ethical behaviors. For instance, they have been criticized for relying too much on formal compliance, rather than taking into account sufficiently agents and their moral development, or promoting self-reflexive behaviors. We aim here at showing that a code of ethics in fact has meaning and enables ethical progress when it is interpreted and appropriated with practical wisdom. We explore a model that represents (...)
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  • The nature of ethics codes in franchise associations around the globe.John F. Preble & Richard C. Hoffman - 1999 - Journal of Business Ethics 18 (3):239 - 253.
    The worldwide growth of franchising has been phenomenal during the past decade. At the same time there has been increased media attention to questionable business practices in franchising. Similar to some trade associations and professions, franchising has sought self-regulation by developing codes of conduct or ethics. This study examines the codes of ethics covering franchising activities in 21 countries. The results reveal that there is considerable variation in the activities/issues covered by the codes. Specifically, the codes cover most stages of (...)
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  • The internal disclosure policies of private-sector employers: An initial look at their relationship to employee whistleblowing. [REVIEW]Tim Barnett, Daniel S. Cochran & G. Stephen Taylor - 1993 - Journal of Business Ethics 12 (2):127 - 136.
    Whistleblowers have usually been treated as outcasts by private-sector employers. But legal, ethical, and practical considerations increasingly compel companies to encourage employees to disclose suspected illegal and/or unethical activities throughinternal communication channels. Internal disclosure policies/procedures (IDPP''s) have been recommended as one way to encourage such communication.This study examined the relationship between IDPP''s and employee whistleblowing among private-sector employers. Almost 300 human resources executives provided data concerning their organizations'' experiences.
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  • Opening the Black box: Corporate codes of ethics in their organizational context. [REVIEW]Cathy Cassell, Phil Johnson & Ken Smith - 1997 - Journal of Business Ethics 16 (10):1077-1093.
    A review of the literature on Corporate Codes of Ethics suggests that whilst there exists an informative body of literature concerning the prevalence of such codes, their design, implementation and promulgation, it is also evident that there is a relative lack of consideration of their impact upon members' everyday organizational behaviour. By drawing upon organizational sociology and psychology this paper constructs a contextualist and interpretive model which seeks to enable an analysis and evaluation of their effects upon individual, group and (...)
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  • Unethical practices in competitive analysis: Patterns, causes and effects. [REVIEW]Shaker A. Zahra - 1994 - Journal of Business Ethics 13 (1):53 - 62.
    Scholars and executives have expressed concern over the growing frequency of unethical practices in companies'' conduct of competitive analysis — the process by which a firm gathers, analyzes, and interprets data about its rivals. This article reports the results of an exploratory study of 137 senior executives'' perceptions of unethical competitive analysis practices, their causes, and their potential effect on industries, companies and individuals. The article discusses the implications of the results for developing guidelines to safeguard against ethical violations in (...)
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  • A multidimensional assessment of ethical codes: The professional business association perspective. [REVIEW]Lewis R. Tucker, Vlasis Stathakopolous & Charles H. Patti - 1999 - Journal of Business Ethics 19 (3):287 - 300.
    This article develops a multidimensional approach for the investigation of the ethical codes of professional associations. The authors: (a) examine various ethical frameworks to identify ethical constructs, (b) select ethical constructs to apply to the assessment of professional codes of ethics, (c) content analyze conceptual and descriptive similarities and differences across a large sample of professional codes of ethics, (d) address organizational variables that affect the development of ethical codes, and (e) investigate through survey research the beliefs and attitudes of (...)
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  • Enabling Ethical Code Embeddedness in Construction Organizations: A Review of Process Assessment Approach. [REVIEW]Olugbenga Timo Oladinrin & Christabel Man-Fong Ho - 2016 - Science and Engineering Ethics 22 (4):1193-1215.
    Several researchers have identified codes of ethics as tools that stimulate positive ethical behavior by shaping the organisational decision-making process, but few have considered the information needed for code implementation. Beyond being a legal and moral responsibility, ethical behavior needs to become an organisational priority, which requires an alignment process that integrates employee behavior with the organisation’s ethical standards. This paper discusses processes for the responsible implementation of CoEs based on an extensive review of the literature. The internationally recognized European (...)
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  • Business students' and practitioners' ethical decisions over time.James R. Glenn & M. Frances Loo - 1993 - Journal of Business Ethics 12 (11):835 - 847.
    This paper compares the ethical decisions and attitudes of business students and practitioners. Recent unpublished data from a national study of over 1600 students are contrasted with information reported previously. Students are found consistently to make less ethical choices than practitioners, and there is some indication that students are making less ethical choices in the 1980s than in the 1960s. In addition, both students and practitioners agree that buyers should beware, view the role of business more narrowly, and find fewer (...)
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  • (3 other versions)A content analysis of codes of ethics from fifty‐seven national accounting organisations.Brian Farrell & Deirdre Cobbin - 2000 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 9 (3):180–190.
    The paper identifies in the literature two categories of codes of ethics, inspirational and prescriptive, and introduces new classification categories of allodial and decretal. The first classification is based on the identity of the ethics decision‐maker – the authors or the addressees of codes. The second classification is based on whether operational definitions are applied by the codes. Such concrete definitions may be in the rules themselves, in related documents or be known from shared knowledge. The second classification has importance (...)
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