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Beyond the planets: early nineteenth-century studies of double stars

Mari Williams

British Journal for the History of Science 17 (3):295-309 (1984)

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The Poincaré Pear and Poincaré-Darwin Fission Theory in Astrophysics, 1885-1901.Scott A. Walter - 2023 - Philosophia Scientiae 27.details In the early 1880s, Henri Poincaré discovered an equilibrium figure for uniformly-rotating fluid masses—the pear, or piriform figure—and speculated that in certain circumstances the pear splits into two unequal parts, and provides thereby a model for the origin of binary stars. The contemporary emergence of photometric and spectroscopic studies of variable stars fueled the first models of eclipsing binaries, and provided empirical support for a realist view of equilibrium figures—including the pear—in the cosmic realm. The paper reviews astrophysical interpretation of (...) Download Export citation Bookmark
Astronomers Mark Time: Discipline and the Personal Equation.Simon Schaffer - 1988 - Science in Context 2 (1):115-145.details The ArgumentIt is often assumed that all sciences travel the path of increasing precision and quantification. It is also assumed that such processes transcend the boundaries of rival scientific disciplines. The history of the personal equation has been cited as an example: the “personal equation” was the name given by astronomers after Bessel to the differences in measured transit times recorded by observers in the same situation. Later in the nineteenth century Wilhelm Wundt used this phenomenon as a type for (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 62 citations
On the boredom of science: positional astronomy in the nineteenth century.Kevin Donnelly - 2014 - British Journal for the History of Science 47 (3):479-503.details To those not engaged in the practice of scientific research, or telling the story of this enterprise, the image of empirical observation may conjure up images of boredom more than anything else. Yet surprisingly, the profoundly uninteresting nature of research to many science workers and readers in history has received little attention. This paper seeks to examine one moment of encroaching boredom: nineteenth-century positional astronomy as practised at leading observatories. Though possibly a coincidence, this new form of astronomical observation arose (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 1 citation

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