Abstract

This article examines the philosophy of defense science as a conceptual approach to developing defense and security policies in various countries. The philosophy of defense science offers a framework that allows for an in-depth analysis of the defense strategies of countries, especially in the face of increasingly complex global threats, both traditional ones such as military aggression and non-traditional threats such as terrorism and cybersecurity. By referring to various philosophical paradigms, such as positivism, constructivism, and postmodernism, this article explores how the philosophy of science influences the formulation of defense policies in various countries. The primary focus lies on the development of defense science in Indonesia by providing a broader analysis of how a philosophical approach can strengthen national defense strategies. This article also highlights the relevance of integrating social, political, and technological sciences to shaping more adaptive and sustainable defense policies.