Abstract

Traditionally, three dominant perspectives shape the role of justice in international relations theories. Realism rejects the relevance of normative principles, emphasizing power politics and the anarchic international system. Cosmopolitan egalitarianism envisions a global order where individuals, not states, are the primary moral actors, advocating universal principles of justice. In contrast, cultural relativism is skeptical of universal moral standards, arguing that cultural beliefs should be understood within their specific contexts. In The Law of Peoples, John Rawls offers a middle ground between realism and cosmopolitan egalitarianism while avoiding cultural relativism. He emphasizes justice between societies while respecting their distinct identities and political autonomy. Rawls proposes a principled framework based on justice, cooperation, and shared moral commitments, balancing power dynamics with universal norms while acknowledging cultural pluralism. This article first examines Rawls's political conception of international justice as a foundation for global peace, then explores his vision of a decent Muslim society as a key partner in promoting international justice and peace.