Abstract

Is Bangladesh Entering a Second Republic? Or Its Fourth? The National Citizen Party is calling for a 'Second Republic,' a total reset of the system to prevent future authoritarian rule. But here’s the twist: Bangladesh isn’t heading toward a Second Republic; it’s transitioning into its Fourth. A republic should secure popular sovereignty—the right of the people to decide their body of representatives. Defining a republic as anything beyond substantial constitutional reforms aimed at securing popular sovereignty and addressing systemic failures could risk plunging the country into a reign of terror, potentially unmanageable in our current context. From independence in 1971 to today, Bangladesh has undergone three major republican shifts, each marked by drastic changes in governance. The recent July-August mass uprising wasn’t just another protest; it signaled the end of 'Hasinocratic' authoritarianism and the dawn of a new era. The real fight is not just about rewriting the constitution—it’s about ensuring real democracy, accountability, and the people’s power. But in this crucial moment, distorting history for political gain is dangerous. If we truly want change, we must confront the past truthfully. Will this new republic finally bring lasting democracy? Or will history repeat itself?