This chapter discusses the account of ideology found in the writings of Karl Marx, and its fate in the subsequent Marxist tradition. Marx understood ideology as consisting of certain social ideas which periodically dominate in class-divided societies. More precisely, ideology was characterized as having a particular epistemological standing, social origin, and class function. In the subsequent Marxist tradition that ‘critical’ account was often displaced by non-critical, predominately ‘descriptive’, accounts of ideology. This historical pattern is exemplified by the writings of Antonio (...) Gramsci and Louis Althusser. This displacement of critical by descriptive accounts is portrayed as regrettable, not least because it involves a loss of the explanatory purchase and emancipatory potential found in Marx’s original account. (shrink)

Sedamdesetih godina dvadesetog veka Zil Delez, zajedno s Feliksom Gatarijem i Kler Parne, razvija koncepte uredjenja i dijagrama: barem do Hiljadu ravni uredjenje i dijagram - prekrsteni potom u stvarnu i apstraktnu masinu - sacinjavali su istureni teorijski temelj celokupnog Delezovog dela. Ideja dijagrama mnogo duguje Fukou iz doba Nadziranja i kaznjavanja, s kojim Delez u tim godinama, vodi neprekidni teorijski dijalog. Ona za njega predstavlja veliki ulog jer je trebalo misliti mutacije istorijskih struktura izvan vladajucih sema strukturalizma i marksizma. (...) Delez se, kao mislilac buduceg suprotstavlja Fukou, istoricaru-genealogicaru promena: u sredistu te rasprave oko dijagrama pojavljuju se dve razlicite koncepcije mutacije koje Delez nastoji da pomiri u svojoj knjizi o Fukou. (shrink)

El presente artículo elucida la posición de Félix Guattari, y secundariamente la de Gilles Deleuze, respecto al concepto de ideología. Para ello se efectúa un análisis del recorrido intelectual de Guattari desde sus primeros artículos reunidos en Psychanalyse et transversalité (1974) hasta Mille Plateaux (1980). Se procede en dos instancias. Primero, se precisa cuál es el concepto específico de ideología con el cual Guattari discute. Este no es otro que la noción desarrollada por Louis Althusser como se puede detectar en (...) referencias explícitas tanto cuanto en alusiones implícitas. Segundo, a partir de la discusión de los elementos centrales de la posición guattariana, se argumenta la afinidad que existe entre el célebre concepto de agenciamiento de Guattari y Deleuze y la recusación crítica de los aparatos ideológicos de Althusser. (shrink)

The article elucidates the concept of subjectivity in Karl Marx, while providing an analysis from a Heideggerian and a Foucaultian perspective. Furthermore, the aim of the article is to determine the relevance of the categories elaborated by Heidegger and Foucault in the analysis of the Marxist concept of subjectivity. In order to achieve this goal, the article is divided into three sections. First, the concept of subjectivity is studied as it appears in Marx’s works. Second, a Heideggerian reading of that (...) concept is reconstructed from elements of the “early” and “later” Heidegger. Third, a Foucaultian reading of subjectivity is proposed from the coordinates of the notions of governmentality, veridiction and subjectivation. It is concluded that the readings of Heidegger and Foucault are, respectively, insufficient and partially sufficient, which does not exclude, however, the possibility of adding nuances to them in order to develop, with contributions from all three philosophers, a kind of “post-Heideggerian and post-Foucaultian Marxism”. (shrink)

El presente artículo elucida la posición de Félix Guattari sobre la organización política. Por este término entendemos la manera cómo, teórica y prácticamente, se construye y se desarrolla una militancia en lo real social, lo cual implica sostener una postura respecto al rol de los partidos, las instituciones y el Estado. A fin de precisar la especificidad del abordaje guattariano, desarrollado entre Psychanalyse et transversalité y Mille Plateaux, comparamos su planteamiento con los desarrollos tradicionales del anarquismo y el socialismo. Con (...) ello se asegura una aprehensión de la posible singularidad de los conceptos guattarianos de transversalidad, polivocidad, diagramatismo, entre otros. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre el lugar que ocupa la macropolítica en estos conceptos. (shrink)

This dissertation traces the post-Marxist and materialist positions of two leading contemporary European thinkers: Slavoj Zizek and Alain Badiou. These thinkers, I argue, collectively offer a way between the traditional Hegelian Marxist's overarching meta-narrative of a necessary evolution from worse to better, and the post-modern pessimism of a lack of possibility for such a social evolution. It is this middle path, offered by these two thinkers, that this dissertation seeks to explore and further explain. The focal point of this dissertation (...) is the type of philosophical materialism that is collectively offered by Badiou and Zizek, what I call the "New Materialism." I first explain the origins of this materialist position as it emerges in the thought of Louis Althusser, then I discuss how Badiou and Zizek, each in their own way, seek to correct the remaining problems that exist for the Althusserian position, while refusing to reject its core materialist insights. Finally, I assess the ways in which both Badiou and Zizek attempt to overcome the Althusserian problems, arguing that ultimately Zizek's corrective succeeds in remaining within the materialist paradigm laid out by Althusser, whereas Badiou's method brings him dangerously close to a kind of philosophical idealism that he wishes to avoid. (shrink)

El artículo reflexiona en torno a las nociones de dispositivo (Foucault) y agenciamiento (Deleuze-Guattari), operando un análisis morfológico que destaca convergencias y divergencias conceptuales en el marco de una misma práctica teórica entendida como pragmática de la multiplicidad.