In 1887 Isidore Loeb published his revisionist article on the expulsions of Jews from France in the fourteenth century. Since then historians have generally agreed that in 1322 Charles IV , following in the steps of his father Philip the Fair , drove the Jews from his kingdom; this banishment would have occurred seven years after Louis X sanctioned the Jews' return for twelve years. Loeb's chief sources were four Jewish chroniclers, the first of whom, Profiat Duran , wrote in (...) the late fourteenth century, and the last of whom, Joseph ha-Kohen , worked more than a century later, not many years after Loeb's other authorities, Samuel Usque and Salomon ibn Verga. Ingeniously unraveling and explaining many inconsistencies among their statements, Loeb finally accepted and endorsed their assertion that the Jews were expelled from France in 1322, seven years after their return in 1315. (shrink)