Many philosophers have rejected the possibility of objective historical knowledge on the grounds that there is no given past against which to judge rival interpretations. Their reasons for doing so are valid. But this does not demonstrate that we must give up the concept of historical objectivity as such. The purpose of this paper is to define a concept of objectivity based on criteria of comparison, not on a given past. Objective interpretations are those which best meet rational criteria of (...) accuracy, comprehensiveness, consistency, progressiveness, fruitfulness, and openness. Finally, the nature of our being in the world is shown to give us a good reason to regard such objective interpretations as moving towards truth understood as a regulative ideal. (shrink)

Like the latter, it unites into one and the same function the possibility of giving things a sign, of representing one thing by another, and the possibility of causing a sign to shift in relation to what it designates. The four functions that define the ...

The Machiavellian Moment is a classic study of the consequences for modern historical and social consciousness of the ideal of the classical republic revived by Machiavelli and other thinkers of Renaissance Italy. J.G.A. Pocock suggests that Machiavelli's prime emphasis was on the moment in which the republic confronts the problem of its own instability in time, and which he calls the "Machiavellian moment." After examining this problem in the thought of Machiavelli, Guicciardini, and Giannotti, Pocock turns to the revival of (...) republican thought in Puritan England and in Revolutionary and Federalist America. He argues that the American Revolution can be considered the last great act of civic humanism of the Renaissance. He relates the origins of modern historicism to the clash between civic, Christian, and commercial values in the thought of the eighteenth century. (shrink)

Written in 1486 by the then 23-year-old Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, the Oration on the Dignity of Man is considered a 'Manifesto for the Renaissance' and one of the most influential philosophical texts of its day, setting the tone for humanism.

Introduction i In an important study of the German Enlightenment, Max Wundt wryly observed that the term "Enlightenment" shed very little enlightenment upon ...

Francis Bacon's History of Henry VII was an admired classic for almost three centuries, but in the twentieth century has come to be regarded as unreliable, as representing no contribution to source criticism, and as largely derivative from Edward Hall's Chronicle and Polydore Vergil's Anglica Historia. However, a comparison with these sources shows an entirely original psychological analysis of Henry VII and thereby supports the thesis that Bacon was carrying out a case-study according to his project for a "science of (...) man" outlined in the Instauratio Magna. It was, in fact, the first scientifically-oriented biography in English, and thus differs from the tradition of "literary" history with which it otherwise shares a didactic purpose. (shrink)