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  1. The Metaphysics of Measurement.Chris Swoyer - 1987 - In J. Forge (ed.), Measurement, Realism and Objectivity: Essays on Measurement in the Social and Physical Sciences. Springer Verlag. pp. 235–290.
    My thesis is that there are good reasons for a philosophical account of measurement to deal primarily with the properties or magnitudes of objects measured, rather than with the objects themselves. The account I present here embodies both a realism about measurement and a realism about the existence of the properties involved in measurement. It thus provides an alternative to most current treatments of measurement, many of which are operationalistic or conventionalistic, and nearly all of which are nominalistic.1 This enables (...)
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  • The nature of number.Peter Forrest & D. M. Armstrong - 1987 - Philosophical Papers 16 (3):165-186.
    The article develops and extends the theory of Glenn Kessler (Frege, Mill and the foundations of arithmetic, Journal of Philosophy 77, 1980) that a (cardinal) number is a relation between a heap and a unit-making property that structures the heap. For example, the relation between some swan body mass and "being a swan on the lake" could be 4.
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