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  1. Verbal and numeric probabilities differentially shape decisions.Robert N. Collins, David R. Mandel & Brooke A. MacLeod - 2024 - Thinking and Reasoning 30 (1):235-257.
    Experts often communicate probabilities verbally (e.g., unlikely) rather than numerically (e.g., 25% chance). Although criticism has focused on the vagueness of verbal probabilities, less attention has been given to the potential unintended, biasing effects of verbal probabilities in communicating probabilities to decision-makers. In four experiments (Ns = 201, 439, 435, 696), we showed that probability format (i.e., verbal vs. numeric) influenced participants’ inferences and decisions following a hypothetical financial expert’s forecast. We observed a format effect for low probability forecasts: verbal (...)
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  • Can membership-functions capture the directionality of verbal probabilities?Marie Juanchich, Miroslav Sirota, Tzur M. Karelitz & Gaëlle Villejoubert - 2013 - Thinking and Reasoning 19 (2):231-247.
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  • Maintaining credibility when communicating uncertainty: the role of directionality.Sarah C. Jenkins & Adam J. L. Harris - 2020 - Thinking and Reasoning 27 (1):97-123.
    Risk communicators often need to communicate probabilistic predictions. On occasion, an event with 10% likelihood will occur, or one with 90% likelihood will not – a probabilistically unexpected ou...
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  • Information leakage from logically equivalent frames.Shlomi Sher & Craig R. M. McKenzie - 2006 - Cognition 101 (3):467-494.
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  • Risky‐choice framing and rational decision‐making.Sarah A. Fisher & David R. Mandel - 2021 - Philosophy Compass 16 (8):e12763.
    This article surveys the latest research on risky-choice framing effects, focusing on the implications for rational decision-making. An influential program of psychological research suggests that people's judgements and decisions depend on the way in which information is presented, or ‘framed’. In a central choice paradigm, decision-makers seem to adopt different preferences, and different attitudes to risk, depending on whether the options specify the number of people who will be saved or the corresponding number who will die. It is standardly assumed (...)
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  • Linguistic polarity, outcome framing, and the structure of decision making : a pragmatic approach.Denis J. Hilton - 2011 - In Gideon Keren (ed.), Perspectives on framing. New York: Psychology Press.
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  • To do or not to do? A cognitive consistency model for drawing conclusions from conditional instructions and advice.Christophe Schmeltzer & Denis J. Hilton - 2014 - Thinking and Reasoning 20 (1):16-50.
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  • Framing, equivalence, and rational inference.David R. Mandel - 2022 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 45:e234.
    Bermúdez's case for rational framing effects, while original, is unconvincing and gives only parenthetical treatment to the problematic assumptions of extensional and semantic equivalence of alternative frames in framing experiments. If the assumptions are false, which they sometimes are, no valid inferences about “framing effects” follow and, then, neither do inferences about human rationality. This commentary recaps the central problem.
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  • Preferences and reasons for communicating probabilistic information in verbal or numerical terms.Thomas S. Wallsten, David V. Budescu, Rami Zwick & Steven M. Kemp - 1993 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 31 (2):135-138.
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