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  1. Forgoing Life-Sustaining Treatment: Limits to the Consensus.Robert M. Veatch - 1993 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 3 (1):1-19.
    While substantial progress has been made in reaching a moral and policy consensus regarding forgoing life-sustaining treatment, several holes exist in that consensus where more public discussion and moral analysis is needed. First, among patients who have not been found to be legally incompetent there is controversy over whether certain treatments can be refused. Controversies also remain over damages for treatment without consent, limits based on third-party interests and the ethical integrity of the medical profession, and cases where it cannot (...)
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  • Doubts About Death: The Silence of the Institute of Medicine.Jerry Menikoff - 1998 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 26 (2):157-165.
    Traditionally, organ retrieval from cadavers has taken place only in cases where the declaration of death has occurred using “brain death” criteria. Under these criteria, specific tests are performed to demonstrate directly a lack of brain activity. Recently, as a result of efforts to increase organ procurement, attention has been directed at the use of so-called “non-heart-beating” donors : individuals who are declared dead not as a result of direct measurements of brain function, but rather as a result of the (...)
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  • Doubts about Death: The Silence of the Institute of Medicine.Jerry Menikoff - 1998 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 26 (2):157-165.
    Traditionally, organ retrieval from cadavers has taken place only in cases where the declaration of death has occurred using “brain death” criteria. Under these criteria, specific tests are performed to demonstrate directly a lack of brain activity. Recently, as a result of efforts to increase organ procurement, attention has been directed at the use of so-called “non-heart-beating” donors : individuals who are declared dead not as a result of direct measurements of brain function, but rather as a result of the (...)
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  • Are the Patients Who Become Organ Donors under the Pittsburgh Protocol for "Non-Heart-Beating Donors" Really Dead?Joanne Lynn - 1993 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 3 (2):167-178.
    The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) "Policy for the Management of Terminally Ill Patients Who May Become Organ Donors after Death" proposes to take organs from certain patients as soon as possible after expected cardiopulmonary death. This policy requires clear understanding of the descriptive state of the donor's critical cardiopulmonary and neurologic functional capacity at the time interventions to sustain or harvest organs are undertaken. It also requires strong consensus about the moral and legal status of the donor during (...)
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  • "An Ignoble Form of Cannibalism": Reflections on the Pittsburgh Protocol for Procuring Organs from Non-Heart-Beating Cadavers.Renée C. Fox - 1993 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 3 (2):231-239.
    The author discusses the ways in which she finds the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center protocol for procuring organs from "non-heart-beating cadaver donors" medically and morally questionable and irreverent. She also identifies some of the factors that contributed to the composition of this troubling protocol, and to its institutional approval.
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  • Review of Ronald Dworkin: Freedom's Law: The Moral Reading of the American Constitution[REVIEW]Maimon Schwarzschild - 1998 - Ethics 108 (3):597-600.
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  • Defining Death.William Charlton - 2022 - New Blackfriars 103 (1107):607-621.
    New Blackfriars, Volume 103, Issue 1107, Page 607-621, September 2022.
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  • The Dead Donor Rule: Should We Stretch It, Bend It, or Abandon It?Robert M. Arnold & Stuart J. Youngner - 1993 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 3 (2):263-278.
    The dead donor rule—that persons must be dead before their organs are taken—is a central part of the moral framework underlying organ procurement. Efforts to increase the pool of transplantable organs have been forced either to redefine death (e.g., anencephaly) or take advantage of ambiguities in the current definition of death (e.g., the Pittsburgh protocol). Society's growing acceptance of circumstances in which health care professionals can hasten a patient's death also may weaken the symbolic importance of the dead donor rule. (...)
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  • Freedom's Law: The Moral Reading of the American Constitution.Ronald Dworkin (ed.) - 1996 - Oxford University Press UK.
    "The Constitution is America's moral sail, and we must hold to the courage of the conviction that fills it, a conviction that we can all be equal citizens of a moral republic. That is a noble faith, and only optimism can redeem it." So writes Ronald Dworkin in the introduction to this characteristically robust and provocative new book in which Dworkin argues the fidelity to the constitution and to law demands that judges make contemporary judgements backed on political morality, and (...)
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