Cuvier’s confidence in the possibility of reconstructing the way of life of an extinct animal from a complete knowledge of its anatomy and its physiology could make us think that his program for paleontology somewhat anticipated Darwinian adaptacionism. Nevertheless, even if this interpretation seems reasonable, it ignores the cognitive aims and the fundamental presuppositions of the Cuvierian program. This ignorance conspires against a correct evaluation of the meaning and the impact of the results obtained by Cuvier in the study of (...) fossils. The relevance of those results is in showing that extinct living beings were subordinated to the same laws of organization as living beings existing today. (shrink)