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  1. Generalized multilevel structural equation modeling.S. Rabe-Hesketh, A. Skrondal & A. Pickles - unknown
    A unifying framework for generalized multilevel structural equation modeling is introduced. The models in the framework, called generalized linear latent and mixed models, combine features of generalized linear mixed models and structural equation models and consist of a response model and a structural model for the latent variables. The response model generalizes GLMMs to incorporate factor structures in addition to random intercepts and coefficients. As in GLMMs, the data can have an arbitrary number of levels and can be highly unbalanced (...)
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  • Maximum likelihood estimation of limited and discrete dependent variable models with nested random effects.S. Rabe-Hesketh, A. Skrondal & A. Pickles - unknown
    Gauss-Hermite quadrature is often used to evaluate and maximize the likelihood for random component probit models. Unfortunately, the estimates are biased for large cluster sizes and/or intraclass correlations. We show that adaptive quadrature largely overcomes these problems. We then extend the adaptive quadrature approach to general random coefficient models with limited and discrete dependent variables. The models can include several nested random effects representing unobserved heterogeneity at different levels of a hierarchical dataset. The required multivariate integrals are evaluated efficiently using (...)
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