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  1. Origins of knowledge.Elizabeth S. Spelke, Karen Breinlinger, Janet Macomber & Kristen Jacobson - 1992 - Psychological Review 99 (4):605-632.
    Experiments with young infants provide evidence for early-developing capacities to represent physical objects and to reason about object motion. Early physical reasoning accords with 2 constraints at the center of mature physical conceptions: continuity and solidity. It fails to accord with 2 constraints that may be peripheral to mature conceptions: gravity and inertia. These experiments suggest that cognition develops concurrently with perception and action and that development leads to the enrichment of conceptions around an unchanging core. The experiments challenge claims (...)
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  • Indexing and the object concept:” what” and” where” in infancy.Alan M. Leslie, Fei Xu, Patrice D. Tremoulet & Brian J. Scholl - 1998 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2 (1):10-18.
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  • Object individuation using property/kind information in rhesus macaques.Laurie R. Santos, Gregory M. Sulkowski, Geertrui M. Spaepen & Marc D. Hauser - 2002 - Cognition 83 (3):241-264.
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  • Object permanence in five-month-old infants.Elizabeth S. Spelke - 1985 - Cognition 20 (3):191-208.
    A new method was devised to test object permanence in young infants. Fivemonth-old infants were habituated to a screen that moved back and forth through a 180-degree arc, in the manner of a drawbridge. After infants reached habituation, a box was centered behind the screen. Infants were shown two test events: a possible event and an impossible event. In the possible event, the screen stopped when it reached the occluded box; in the impossible event, the screen moved through the space (...)
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  • Addition and subtraction by human infants. 358 (6389), 749-750. Xu, F., & Spelke, ES (2000). Large number discrimination in 6-month-old infants. [REVIEW]Karen Wynn - 1992 - Cognition 74 (1).
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  • Initial knowledge: six suggestions.Elizabeth Spelke - 1994 - Cognition 50 (1-3):431-445.
    Although debates continue, studies of cognition in infancy suggest that knowledge begins to emerge early in life and constitutes part of humans' innate endowment. Early-developing knowledge appears to be both domain-specific and task-specific, it appears to capture fundamental constraints on ecologically important classes of entities in the child's environment, and it appears to remain central to the commonsense knowledge systems of adults.
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  • Object individuation: infants’ use of shape, size, pattern, and color.Teresa Wilcox - 1999 - Cognition 72 (2):125-166.
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  • Indexing and the object concept: developing `what' and `where' systems.Alan M. Leslie, Fei Xu, Patrice D. Tremoulet & Brian J. Scholl - 1998 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2 (1):10-18.
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  • Reasoning about a hidden object after a delay: Evidence for robust representations in 5-month-old infants.Yuyan Luo, Renée Baillargeon, Laura Brueckner & Yuko Munakata - 2003 - Cognition 88 (3):B23-B32.
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  • Representing the existence and the location of hidden objects: Object permanence in 6- and 8-month-old infants.Renee Baillargeon - 1986 - Cognition 23 (1):21-41.
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  • The “what” and “where” of object representations in infancy.Denis Mareschal & Mark H. Johnson - 2003 - Cognition 88 (3):259-276.
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  • Do six-month-old infants perceive causality?Alan M. Leslie & Stephanie Keeble - 1987 - Cognition 25 (3):265-288.
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