Russian translation of Gettier E. L. Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? // Analysis, vol. 23, 1963. Translated by Lev Lamberov with kind permission of the author.

"Knowing how we know" is the subject of this book. Its authors present a new view of cognition that has important social and ethical implications, for, they assert, the only world we humans can have is the one we create together through the actions of our coexistence. Written for a general audience as well as for students, scholars, and scientists and abundantly illustrated with examples from biology, linguistics, and new social and cultural phenomena, this revised edition includes a new afterword (...) by Dr. Varela, in which he discusses the effect the book has had in the years since its first publication. (shrink)

Elements of Episodic Memory is a classic text in the psychology literature. It had a significant influence on research in the area has been much sought after in recent years. Finally, it has now been made available again with this reissue, the text unchanged from the original.

Edmund Gettier is Professor Emeritus at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. This short piece, published in 1963, seemed to many decisively to refute an otherwise attractive analysis of knowledge. It stimulated a renewed effort, still ongoing, to clarify exactly what knowledge comprises.

This essay argues that the Putnam-Nussbaum thesis that modern functionalism is Aristotelian is false. It fails as an interpretation of Aristotle since it fails to notice that Aristotle’s conception of the material or physical side of the soul-body relation is one which no modern functionalist could share. The Putnam-Nussbaum thesis is examined within the context of the theory of perception. This involves the need to understand one of the most mysterious Aristotelian doctrines – the doctrine that in perception, the sense-organ (...) assumes the sensible form of the object perceived without its matter. (shrink)

Many contemporary theories of human cognition focus on the biochemical mechanisms that lie beneath the mind’s operations, while neglecting the historical and developmental aspects of the human mind. This article argues (1) that a processual form of thinking has been developing since the Modern Era. Furthermore, it maintains (2) that this particular form of thinking is intrinsically connected with the historical phenomenon of the scientific revolution. The paper studies Günter Dux’s innovative historico-genetic approach to the development of thought in historical (...) process. It also analyses the processual form of thinking under specific conceptual aspects of Alfred North Whitehead’s philosophy of organism. The present study also reveals (3) the connection between the developmental and the historical aspects of the evolution of thought. Overall, the study found (4) that there is an anthropological cognitive mechanism behind the historical forms of thought usually related to the elaborated figure of explanation. (shrink)

Das Ziel, das Dux mit der Untersuchung zur Moral verfolgt, ist, einsichtig zu machen, dass und wie sich die Moral als eine Form sozialer Vernunft aus einer Bedingungskonstellation der evolutiv erworbenen Verfassung heraus zu bilden vermochte und immer wieder zu bilden vermag. Man muss, das ist die Kernthese Günter Dux‘, die Moral unter den erkenntniskritischen Vorgaben der Moderne neu verstehen – anders als sie in aller Vergangenheit verstanden wurde. Dux macht deutlich, dass es zum Verständnis der Moral einer anderen Logik (...) bedarf, nämlich einer prozessualen. Durch sie muss geklärt werden, dass und wie Moral sich mit der Vernunft in der Gesellschaft historisch-genetisch ausgebildet hat. Das erkenntniskritische Interesse an der Moral ist politisch motiviert. Wir sind mit den gesellschaftlichen Verhältnissen in eine Krise geraten. Das Problem ist der Markt. Er macht es unmöglich, der Gesellschaft eine von der Idee der Versöhnung bestimmte Welt als normatives Ideal zugrunde zu legen. Das Normative ist in die Strukturen der Gesellschaft eingelassen. Mit den Strukturen der Gesellschaft bedarf es deshalb der Kritik der Moral und einer trennscharfen Bestimmung der Gerechtigkeit. Auch sie stellt sich in der prozessualen Logik anders dar, als im philosophischen Denken von der Antike bis zu unserer Gegenwart. (shrink)