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  1. Interactive Activation and Mutual Constraint Satisfaction in Perception and Cognition.James L. McClelland, Daniel Mirman, Donald J. Bolger & Pranav Khaitan - 2014 - Cognitive Science 38 (6):1139-1189.
    In a seminal 1977 article, Rumelhart argued that perception required the simultaneous use of multiple sources of information, allowing perceivers to optimally interpret sensory information at many levels of representation in real time as information arrives. Building on Rumelhart's arguments, we present the Interactive Activation hypothesis—the idea that the mechanism used in perception and comprehension to achieve these feats exploits an interactive activation process implemented through the bidirectional propagation of activation among simple processing units. We then examine the interactive activation (...)
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  • Does lexical information influence the perceptual restoration of phonemes?Arthur G. Samuel - 1996 - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 125 (1):28.
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  • Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.Andy Clark - 2013 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36 (3):181-204.
    Brains, it has recently been argued, are essentially prediction machines. They are bundles of cells that support perception and action by constantly attempting to match incoming sensory inputs with top-down expectations or predictions. This is achieved using a hierarchical generative model that aims to minimize prediction error within a bidirectional cascade of cortical processing. Such accounts offer a unifying model of perception and action, illuminate the functional role of attention, and may neatly capture the special contribution of cortical processing to (...)
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  • Lexical effects on compensation for coarticulation: the ghost of Christmash past.James S. Magnuson, Bob McMurray, Michael K. Tanenhaus & Richard N. Aslin - 2003 - Cognitive Science 27 (2):285-298.
    The question of when and how bottom‐up input is integrated with top‐down knowledge has been debated extensively within cognition and perception, and particularly within language processing. A long running debate about the architecture of the spoken‐word recognition system has centered on the locus of lexical effects on phonemic processing: does lexical knowledge influence phoneme perception through feedback, or post‐perceptually in a purely feedforward system? Elman and McClelland (1988) reported that lexically restored ambiguous phonemes influenced the perception of the following phoneme, (...)
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  • (1 other version)Is vision continuous with cognition?: The case for cognitive impenetrability of visual perception.Zenon Pylyshyn - 1999 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (3):341-365.
    Although the study of visual perception has made more progress in the past 40 years than any other area of cognitive science, there remain major disagreements as to how closely vision is tied to general cognition. This paper sets out some of the arguments for both sides and defends the position that an important part of visual perception, which may be called early vision or just vision, is prohibited from accessing relevant expectations, knowledge and utilities - in other words it (...)
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  • Robust Lexically Mediated Compensation for Coarticulation: Christmash Time Is Here Again.Sahil Luthra, Giovanni Peraza-Santiago, Keia'na Beeson, David Saltzman, Anne Marie Crinnion & James S. Magnuson - 2021 - Cognitive Science 45 (4):e12962.
    A long-standing question in cognitive science is how high-level knowledge is integrated with sensory input. For example, listeners can leverage lexical knowledge to interpret an ambiguous speech sound, but do such effects reflect direct top-down influences on perception or merely postperceptual biases? A critical test case in the domain of spoken word recognition is lexically mediated compensation for coarticulation (LCfC). Previous LCfC studies have shown that a lexically restored context phoneme (e.g., /s/ in Christma#) can alter the perceived place of (...)
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  • Shortlist B: A Bayesian model of continuous speech recognition.Dennis Norris & James M. McQueen - 2008 - Psychological Review 115 (2):357-395.
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  • Rational choice and the structure of the environment.Herbert A. Simon - 1955 - Psychological Review 63 (2):129-138.
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  • The Bayesian reader: Explaining word recognition as an optimal Bayesian decision process.Dennis Norris - 2006 - Psychological Review 113 (2):327-357.
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  • Reasoning the fast and frugal way: Models of bounded rationality.Gerd Gigerenzer & Daniel Goldstein - 1996 - Psychological Review 103 (4):650-669.
    Humans and animals make inferences about the world under limited time and knowledge. In contrast, many models of rational inference treat the mind as a Laplacean Demon, equipped with unlimited time, knowledge, and computational might. Following H. Simon's notion of satisficing, the authors have proposed a family of algorithms based on a simple psychological mechanism: one-reason decision making. These fast and frugal algorithms violate fundamental tenets of classical rationality: They neither look up nor integrate all information. By computer simulation, the (...)
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  • Cognition does not affect perception: Evaluating the evidence for “top-down” effects.Chaz Firestone & Brian Scholl - 2016 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 39:1-72.
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  • Merging information in speech recognition: Feedback is never necessary.Dennis Norris, James M. McQueen & Anne Cutler - 2000 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (3):299-325.
    Top-down feedback does not benefit speech recognition; on the contrary, it can hinder it. No experimental data imply that feedback loops are required for speech recognition. Feedback is accordingly unnecessary and spoken word recognition is modular. To defend this thesis, we analyse lexical involvement in phonemic decision making. TRACE (McClelland & Elman 1986), a model with feedback from the lexicon to prelexical processes, is unable to account for all the available data on phonemic decision making. The modular Race model (Cutler (...)
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  • Interaction in Spoken Word Recognition Models: Feedback Helps.James S. Magnuson, Daniel Mirman, Sahil Luthra, Ted Strauss & Harlan D. Harris - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  • Cognitive Penetrability of Perception in the Age of Prediction: Predictive Systems are Penetrable Systems.Gary Lupyan - 2015 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 6 (4):547-569.
    The goal of perceptual systems is to allow organisms to adaptively respond to ecologically relevant stimuli. Because all perceptual inputs are ambiguous, perception needs to rely on prior knowledge accumulated over evolutionary and developmental time to turn sensory energy into information useful for guiding behavior. It remains controversial whether the guidance of perception extends to cognitive states or is locked up in a “cognitively impenetrable” part of perception. I argue that expectations, knowledge, and task demands can shape perception at multiple (...)
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  • The Morton-Massaro law of information integration: Implications for models of perception.Javier R. Movellan & James L. McClelland - 2001 - Psychological Review 108 (1):113-148.
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  • Early lexical influences on sublexical processing in speech perception: Evidence from electrophysiology.Colin Noe & Simon Fischer-Baum - 2020 - Cognition 197 (C):104162.
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  • Spoken word recognition without a TRACE.Thomas Hannagan, James S. Magnuson & Jonathan Grainger - 2013 - Frontiers in Psychology 4.
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  • EARSHOT: A Minimal Neural Network Model of Incremental Human Speech Recognition.James S. Magnuson, Heejo You, Sahil Luthra, Monica Li, Hosung Nam, Monty Escabí, Kevin Brown, Paul D. Allopenna, Rachel M. Theodore, Nicholas Monto & Jay G. Rueckl - 2020 - Cognitive Science 44 (4):e12823.
    Despite the lack of invariance problem (the many‐to‐many mapping between acoustics and percepts), human listeners experience phonetic constancy and typically perceive what a speaker intends. Most models of human speech recognition (HSR) have side‐stepped this problem, working with abstract, idealized inputs and deferring the challenge of working with real speech. In contrast, carefully engineered deep learning networks allow robust, real‐world automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, the complexities of deep learning architectures and training regimens make it difficult to use them to (...)
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  • Commentary on “Interaction in Spoken Word Recognition Models”.Dennis Norris, James M. McQueen & Anne Cutler - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  • More why, less how: What we need from models of cognition.Dennis Norris & Anne Cutler - 2021 - Cognition 213 (C):104688.
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  • Lexically Mediated Compensation for Coarticulation Still as Elusive as a White Christmash.James M. McQueen, Alexandra Jesse & Holger Mitterer - 2023 - Cognitive Science 47 (9):e13342.
    Luthra, Peraza-Santiago, Beeson, Saltzman, Crinnion, and Magnuson (2021) present data from the lexically mediated compensation for coarticulation paradigm that they claim provides conclusive evidence in favor of top-down processing in speech perception. We argue here that this evidence does not support that conclusion. The findings are open to alternative explanations, and we give data in support of one of them (that there is an acoustic confound in the materials). Lexically mediated compensation for coarticulation thus remains elusive, while prior data from (...)
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