The integration of technology into the classroom infers changes in the role of teacher with two emerging tensions. The first tension is between the idea of technology as a tool providing technical proficiency and efficiency and the vision of technology as a catalyst for educational reform. The second conflict is between the traditional culture of schooling and life in classrooms and the anticipated transformed culture. This article focuses on data found during three separate case studies involving the implementation of technology (...) in a grade school, a high school, and a university. Significant questions raised relate to teacher beliefs about the culture of classrooms and schools, specifically about relationships with students. Recommendations for policy and practice include the importance of a clear purpose for the implementation of technology and an understanding of classroom culture. (shrink)