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  1. The nature of human values.Milton Rokeach - 1973 - New York,: Free Press.
    Integrating personality, behavioral, and cognitive theories of change, the author examines the operations, measurement, and evolution of behavioral and ethical standards that distinguish capitalism from other ideologies.
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  • Marketing ethics: an international perspective.Bodo B. Schlegelmilch - 1998 - Boston: International Thomson Business Press.
    pt. I. Fundamentals of marketing ethics -- pt. II. Ethics in international marketing practice : cases -- pt. III. Readings in international marketing ethics -- pt. IV. Business ethics resources.
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  • Attitudes towards Business Ethics of Future Managers in the U.S. and Israel.John F. Preble & Arie Reichel - 1988 - Journal of Business Ethics 7 (12):941-949.
    An examination and comparison of American and Israeli management students attitudes towards business ethics is made. The data were collected using both English and Hebrew versions of a thirty item attitudes towards business ethics questionnaire. Since the two groups differed on geographic, cultural, economic, and religious dimensions, it was not surprising to find that these prospective managers also differed on a number of their attitudes towards business ethics. However, a large number of similarities were also noted. Moreover, contrary to a (...)
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  • Islamic ethics and the implications for business.Gillian Rice - 1999 - Journal of Business Ethics 18 (4):345 - 358.
    As global business operations expand, managers need more knowledge of foreign cultures, in particular, information on the ethics of doing business across borders. The purpose of this paper is twofold: to share the Islamic perspective on business ethics, little known in the west, which may stimulate further thinking and debate on the relationships between ethics and business, and to provide some knowledge of Islamic philosophy in order to help managers do business in Muslim cultures. The case of Egypt illustrates some (...)
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  • Business ethics in turkey: An empirical investigation with special emphasis on gender.M. G. Serap Ekin & S. Hande Tezölmez - 1999 - Journal of Business Ethics 18 (1):17 - 34.
    In today's complex business world, the question of business ethics is increasingly gaining importance as managers and employees face numerous ethical dilemmas in their jobs. The ethical climate in the Turkish business environment is also at a critical stage, and the business community as a whole is troubled by ethical problems. This study attempts to determine the effect of individual, managerial and organizational factors on the ethical judgments of Turkish managers, and to evaluate the ethical perceptions of these managers. The (...)
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  • The work ethic values of protestant british, catholic irish and muslim turkish managers.M. Arslan - 2001 - Journal of Business Ethics 31 (4):321 - 339.
    This paper examines the work ethic characteristics of particular practising Protestant, Catholic and Muslim managers in Britain, Ireland and Turkey. Max Weber, argued that Protestant societies had a particular work ethic which was quite distinct from non-Protestant societies. The Protestant work ethics (PWE) thesis of Weber was reviewed. Previous empirical and analytical research results showed that the number of research results which support Weberian ideas were more than those which did not support. Methodological issues were also discussed. Results revealed that (...)
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  • (2 other versions)A Theory of Justice.John Rawls - unknown
    Since it appeared in 1971, John Rawls's A Theory of Justice has become a classic. The author has now revised the original edition to clear up a number of difficulties he and others have found in the original book. Rawls aims to express an essential part of the common core of the democratic tradition--justice as fairness--and to provide an alternative to utilitarianism, which had dominated the Anglo-Saxon tradition of political thought since the nineteenth century. Rawls substitutes the ideal of the (...)
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  • An integrated model for ethical decisions in marketing research.Naresh K. Malhotra & Gina L. Miller - 1998 - Journal of Business Ethics 17 (3):263-280.
    While many models of ethical decision-making in marketing have been presented in the literature, no recent attempts have been made to explicitly account for ethical decision-making from a marketing research perspective. We present an ethical framework for marketing research, the various philosophies of ethics, and a few enduring marketing ethical decision-making models, thus laying the foundation for a descriptive model for ethics in marketing research. The authors then develop an integrated model of ethical decision-making that incorporates the perspectives of all (...)
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  • Linking Culture and Ethics: A Comparison of Accountants’ Ethical Belief Systems in the Individualism/Collectivism and Power Distance Contexts.Aileen Smith & Evelyn C. Hume - 2005 - Journal of Business Ethics 62 (3):209-220.
    This study uses accounting professionals from an international setting to test the individualism and power distance cultural dimensions developed by Hofstede [Culture's Consequences 1980]. Six countries, which appropriately represented high and low values on the Hofstede dimensions, were chosen for the survey of ethical beliefs. Respondents from the six countries were requested to supply their agreement/disagreement with eight questionable behaviors associated with the work environment. Each of these behaviors contained an individualism and/or power distance cultural component for the responding accountants (...)
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  • Ethical Marketing Decisions: The Higher Road.Gene R. Laczniak & Patrick E. Murphy - 1994 - Journal of Business Ethics 13 (11):858-886.
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  • Modeling ethical attitudes and behaviors under conditions of environmental turbulence: The case of south Africa. [REVIEW]Michael H. Morris, Amy S. Marks, Jeffrey A. Allen & Newman S. Peery - 1996 - Journal of Business Ethics 15 (10):1119 - 1130.
    This study explores the impact of environmental turbulence on relationships between personal and organizational characteristics, personal values, ethical perceptions, and behavioral intentions. A causal model is tested using data obtained from a national sample of marketing research professionals in South Africa. The findings suggest turbulent conditions lead professionals to report stronger values and ethical norms, but less ethical behavioral intentions. Implications are drawn for organizations confronting growing turbulence in their external environments. A number of suggestions are made for ongoing research.
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  • Attitudes towards business ethics: A five nation comparative study. [REVIEW]Randi L. Sims & A. Ercan Gegez - 2004 - Journal of Business Ethics 50 (3):253-265.
    Increasingly the business environment is tending toward a global economy. The current study compares the results of the Attitudes Towards Business Ethics Questionnaire (ATBEQ) reported in the literature for samples from the United States of America, Israel, Western Australia, and South Africa to a new sample (n = 125) from Turkey. The results indicate that while there are some shared views towards business ethics across countries, significant differences do exist between Turkey and each of the other countries in the study. (...)
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  • Religiosity and Consumer Ethics.Scott J. Vitell, Joseph G. P. Paolillo & Jatinder J. Singh - 2005 - Journal of Business Ethics 57 (2):175-181.
    This article presents the results of an exploratory study that investigated the role that religiosity plays in determining consumer attitudes/beliefs in various situations regarding questionable consumer practices. Two dimensions of religiosity – intrinsic and extrinsic religiousness – were studied. Results indicated that an intrinsic religiousness was a significant determinant of consumer ethical beliefs, but extrinsic religiousness was not related to those beliefs.
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  • Economics, ethics, and religion: Jewish, Christian, and Muslim economic thought.Rodney Wilson - 1997 - New York: New York University Press.
    "Written in a racy, persuasive style, the book impresses the reader as a work of significant scholarship...I encourage students of comparative religions- and especially those of Islamic economics- to read it with great care."&$151; Islamic Studies The worlds of economics and theology rarely intersect. The former appears occupied exclusively with the concrete equations of supply and demand, while the latter revolves largely around the less tangible concerns of the soul and spirit. Intended as an interfaith clarification of the relationship between (...)
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  • Business Ethics in a Transition Economy: Will the Next Russian Generation be any Better?Eugene D. Jaffe & Alexandr Tsimerman - 2005 - Journal of Business Ethics 62 (1):87-97.
    This study investigated students’ perceptions of ethical organizational climates, attitudes towards ethical issues, and the perceived relationship between ethical behavior and success in business organizations. Comparisons were made between the attitudes of these future managers with previously published studies of Russian managers’ attitudes. A survey of 100 business students in three Moscow universities showed that their attitudes toward ethical behavior were more negative than those of Russian managers. No significant differences were found in the perceptions or attitudes of students who (...)
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  • In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development.Carol Gilligan - 1982 - The Personalist Forum 2 (2):150-152.
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  • International marketing ethics from an islamic perspective: A value-maximization approach. [REVIEW]Mohammad Saeed, Zafar U. Ahmed & Syeda-Masooda Mukhtar - 2001 - Journal of Business Ethics 32 (2):127 - 142.
    International marketing practices, embedded in a strong ethical doctrine, can play a vital role in raising the standards of business conduct worldwide, while in no way compromising the quality of services or products offered to customers, or surrendering the profit margins of businesses. Adherence to such ethical practices can help to elevate the standards of behavior and thus of living, of traders and consumers alike. Against this background, this paper endeavors to identify the salient features of the Islamic framework of (...)
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  • Gender differences in ethical perceptions of salespeople: An empirical examination in turkey. [REVIEW]Azize Ergeneli & Semra Arıkan - 2002 - Journal of Business Ethics 40 (3):247 - 260.
    Researchers on gender and ethical decision-making have recently emphasized the differences between men's and women's ethical perceptions. This study is concerned with the perceptions of salespeople working in clothing and medical equipment sectors in Turkey. It regards the perceptions of colleagues of opposing genders in ethically questionable situations. The evaluation of salespeople's responses for 14 ethical scenarios indicates that there is no significant difference in ethical perception based on gender. Each gender predicted that their counterpart's response would be the same (...)
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  • Consumer Ethics: A Cross-Cultural Study of the Ethical Beliefs of Turkish and American Consumers.Mohammed Y. A. Rawwas, Ziad Swaidan & Mine Oyman - 2005 - Journal of Business Ethics 57 (2):183-195.
    The ethical climate in Turkey is beset by ethical problems. Bribery, environmental pollution, tax frauds, deceptive advertising, production of unsafe products, and the ethical violations that involved politicians and business professionals are just a few examples. The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast the ethical beliefs of American and Turkish consumers using the Ethical Position Questionnaire (EPQ) of Forsyth (1980), the Machiavellianism scale, and the Consumer Ethical Practices of Muncy and Vitell questionnaire (MVQ). A sample of 376 (...)
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  • Organizational Ethics in Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis. [REVIEW]Jamal A. Al-Khatib, Mohammed Y. A. Rawwas & Scott J. Vitell - 2004 - Journal of Business Ethics 55 (4):309 - 322.
    Relationships with one's employees, co-workers, or superiors create ethical dilemmas. Employees' judgments and ethical perceptions have been extensively studied in Western cultures, but not in developing countries. The purpose of this investigation is to examine employees' self-reported work-related ethics and compare them to their perceptions of co-workers' and top managements' along various morally challenging situations in three developing countries' organizations. Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Oman, known as the Gulf countries, were selected as the research setting - and provided the sampling (...)
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  • Measuring consumers' ethical position in austria, Britain, brunei, Hong Kong, and USA.Charles C. Cui, Vince Mitchell, Bodo B. Schlegelmilch & Bettina Cornwell - 2005 - Journal of Business Ethics 62 (1):57 - 71.
    Previous studies have found Forsyth’s Ethical Position Questionnaire (EPQ) to vary between countries, but none has made a systematic evaluation of its psychometric properties across consumers from many countries. Using confirmatory factor analysis and multi-group LISREL analysis, this paper explores the factor structure of the EPQ and the measurement equivalence in five societies: Austria, Britain, Brunei, Hong Kong and USA. The results suggest that the modified scale, measuring idealism and relativism, was applicable in all five societies. Equivalence was found across (...)
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  • Transition Ethics: A Comparison of Ukrainian and United States Business Professionals.Olena Vynoslavska, Joseph A. McKinney, Carlos W. Moore & Justin G. Longenecker - 2005 - Journal of Business Ethics 61 (3):283-299.
    This article compares the ethical attitudes of Ukrainian business professionals with those of United States business professionals. A widely used survey instrument consisting of 16 hypothetical situations involving ethical dilemmas was employed to gather information on ethical attitudes in the two countries. On 13 of 16 vignettes, Ukrainian respondents demonstrated less stringent ethical attitudes than did their United States counterparts. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed, with primary emphasis on the transition from one economic system to another that is (...)
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  • Consumer ethics: An empirical investigation of the ethical beliefs of austrian consumers. [REVIEW]Mohammed Y. A. Rawwas - 1996 - Journal of Business Ethics 15 (9):1009 - 1019.
    Business and Marketing ethics have come to the forefront in recent years. While consumers have been surveyed regarding their perceptions of ethical business and marketing practices, research has been minimal with regard to their ethical beliefs and ideologies. In addition, no study has examined the ethical beliefs of Austrian consumers even though Austria maintains a unique status of political neutrality, nonalignment, stability, economic prosperity and geographical proximity to the East- and West-European countries. This research investigates the relationship between Machiavellianism, ethical (...)
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  • The Nature of Culture. By C. E. Ayres.A. L. Kroeber - 1952 - Ethics 63 (3):217-218.
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  • From the guest editors international marketing ethics.Anusorn Singhapakdi & Scott J. Vitell - 1999 - Journal of Business Ethics 18 (1):1 - 2.
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  • Consumer ethics: The possible effects of terrorism and civil unrest on the ethical values of consumers. [REVIEW]Mohammed Y. A. Rawwas, Scott J. Vitell & Jamal A. Al-Khatib - 1994 - Journal of Business Ethics 13 (3):223 - 231.
    Research investigating the consumer's ethical beliefs, ideologies and orientation has been limited. Additionally, despite the repeated call in the literature for cross cultural research, virtually no studies have examined the ethical beliefs and ideologies of consumers from cultures other than those in North America. This study partially fills this gap in the literature by investigating the ethical beliefs, preferred ethical ideology, and degree of Machiavellianism of consumers from Egypt and Lebanon. The results indicate that consumers in Lebanon, which has been (...)
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  • A cross-cultural investigation of the ethical values of consumers: The potential effect of war and civil disruption. [REVIEW]Mohammed Y. A. Rawwas, Gordon L. Patzer & Scott J. Vitell - 1998 - Journal of Business Ethics 17 (4):435 - 448.
    Past research has examined the ethical judgments of consumers in the U.S., but few studies have investigated such attitudes in foreign-market settings. The current study compares ethical attitudes of consumers in two countries (Ireland and Lebanon) which share a cultural similarity of ongoing war and terrorism. The findings reveal that both cultures exhibit low sensitivity to ethical issues. Furthermore, the findings show that the Irish consumers are less sensitive to consumer ethical practices, less idealistic, more relativistic, and more Machiavellian than (...)
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  • Business and professional ethics in transitional economies and beyond: Considerations for the insurance industries of Poland, the czech republic and hungary. [REVIEW]Robert W. Cooper & Mark S. Dorfman - 2003 - Journal of Business Ethics 47 (4):381 - 392.
    This paper examines several key aspects of the ethical environment facing the insurance industries of Poland, The Czech Republic and Hungary as they complete the transition from Communist insurance systems built upon state-owned monopolies to viable private domestic insurance markets, and then seek to harmonize their markets with the single insurance market of the European Union. Since many types of ethical problems encountered during the transition are unlikely to diminish significantly as a result of either privatization or regulation of the (...)
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  • Understanding Factors Affecting Salespeople’s Perceptions of Ethical Behavior in South Africa.Russell Abratt & Neale Penman - 2002 - Journal of Business Ethics 35 (4):269 - 280.
    Sales professionals have been frequent targets of ethical criticism. This paper reports on a survey on ethics of sales professionals in South Africa. The results revealed salespeoples views on controversial sales practices that involve direct monetary consequences; on practices that adversely affect customers, employers and competitors; and on sales peoples sensitization of ethical issues. Stealing from a competitor at a trade show was viewed as the most unethical of the scenarios, while phone sabotage and lying to a customer were held (...)
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  • Business Ethics in Turkey: An Empirical Investigation with Special Emphasis on Gender. [REVIEW]M. G. Serap & S. Hande Tezölmez - 1999 - Journal of Business Ethics 18 (1):17-34.
    In today's complex business world, the question of business ethics is increasingly gaining importance as managers and employees face numerous ethical dilemmas in their jobs. The ethical climate in the Turkish business environment is also at a critical stage, and the business community as a whole is troubled by ethical problems. This study attempts to determine the effect of individual, managerial and organizational factors on the ethical judgments of Turkish managers, and to evaluate the ethical perceptions of these managers. The (...)
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