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  1. Anarchy, State, and Utopia.Robert Nozick - 1974 - New York: Basic Books.
    Winner of the 1975 National Book Award, this brilliant and widely acclaimed book is a powerful philosophical challenge to the most widely held political and social positions of our age--liberal, socialist, and conservative.
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  • Political Liberalism.John Rawls - 1993 - Columbia University Press.
    This book continues and revises the ideas of justice as fairness that John Rawls presented in _A Theory of Justice_ but changes its philosophical interpretation in a fundamental way. That previous work assumed what Rawls calls a "well-ordered society," one that is stable and relatively homogenous in its basic moral beliefs and in which there is broad agreement about what constitutes the good life. Yet in modern democratic society a plurality of incompatible and irreconcilable doctrines--religious, philosophical, and moral--coexist within the (...)
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  • Knowledge in a social world.Alvin I. Goldman - 1991 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Knowledge in a Social World offers a philosophy for the information age. Alvin Goldman explores new frontiers by creating a thoroughgoing social epistemology, moving beyond the traditional focus on solitary knowers. Against the tides of postmodernism and social constructionism Goldman defends the integrity of truth and shows how to promote it by well-designed forms of social interaction. From science to education, from law to democracy, he shows why and how public institutions should seek knowledge-enhancing practices. The result is a bold, (...)
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  • The Morality of Freedom.Joseph Raz - 1986 - Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press.
    Ranging over central issues of morals and politics and the nature of freedom and authority, this study examines the role of value-neutrality, rights, equality, ...
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  • (3 other versions)Political Liberalism.J. Rawls - 1995 - Tijdschrift Voor Filosofie 57 (3):596-598.
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  • (2 other versions)The Morality of Freedom.Joseph Raz - 1986 - Philosophy 63 (243):119-122.
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  • Perfectionism.Thomas Hurka - 1993 - New York, US: Oxford University Press. Edited by Thomas L. Carson & Paul K. Moser.
    Perfectionism is one of the leading moral views of the Western tradition, defended by Plato, Aristotle, Aquinas, Leibniz, Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, and Green. Defined broadly, it holds that what is right is whatever most promotes certain objective human goods such as knowledge, achievement, and deep personal relations. Defined more narrowly, it identifies these goods by reference to human nature, so the human good consistsin developing the properties fundamental to human beings. If it is fundamental to humans to be rational (Aristotle), (...)
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  • Justice as impartiality.Brian Barry - 1995 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Almost every country today contains adherents of different religions and different secular conceptions of the good life. Is there any alternative to a power struggle among them, leading most probably to either civil war or repression? The argument of this book is that justice as impartiality offers a solution. According to the theory of justice as impartiality, principles of justice are those principles that provide a reasonable basis for the unforced assent of those subject to them. The object of this (...)
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  • (2 other versions)Culture and Equality: An Egalitarian Critique of Multiculturalism.Brian Barry - 2001 - Polity Press.
    All major western countries today contain groups that differ in their religious beliefs, customary practices or ideas about the right way in which to live. How should public policy respond to this diversity? In this important new work, Brian Barry challenges the currently orthodox answer and develops a powerful restatement of an egalitarian liberalism for the twenty-first century. Until recently it was assumed without much question that cultural diversity could best be accommodated by leaving cultural minorities free to associate in (...)
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  • Patterns of Moral Complexity.Charles E. Larmore - 1987 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Larmore aims to recover three forms of moral complexity that have often been neglected by moral and political philosophers. First, he argues that virtue is not simply the conscientious adherence to principle. Rather, the exercise of virtue apply. He argues - and this is the second pattern of complexity - that recognizing the value of constitutive ties with shared forms of life does not undermine the liberal ideal of political neutrality toward differing ideals of the good life. Finally Larmore agrues (...)
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  • Democracy and Tradition.Jeffrey Stout - 2003 - Princeton University Press.
    Though responses to Stout's book, "Democracy and Tradition," have touched on his discussion of rights, none has comprehensively examined his position on the subject. Having endorsed several objections Stout raises against some influential views on democracy and rights, this article proceeds to criticize Stout's description and theoretical account of the natural and human rights traditions. The central argument is that Stout cannot successfully both affirm the traditions and adhere to his account.
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  • (1 other version)Reconciliation Through the Public Use of Reason: Remarks on John Rawls's Political Liberalism.Jürgen Habermas - 1995 - Journal of Philosophy 92 (3):109-131.
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  • Moral conflict and political legitimacy.Thomas Nagel - 1987 - Philosophy and Public Affairs 16 (3):215-240.
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  • (1 other version)Liberals and communitarians.Stephen Mulhall - 1996 - Cambridge, Mass., USA: Blackwell. Edited by Adam Swift.
    This is a substantially updated edition of the established guide to this key debate in modern political philosophy.
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  • Justice as Impartiality.Brian Barry - 1995 - Philosophy 70 (274):603-605.
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  • Facing diversity: The case of epistemic abstinence.Joseph Raz - 1990 - Philosophy and Public Affairs 19 (1):3-46.
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  • A Matter of Principle.Law's Empire.Ronald Dworkin - 1987 - Journal of Philosophy 84 (5):284-291.
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  • (1 other version)Democracy and Tradition.Jeffrey Stout - 2004 - American Journal of Theology and Philosophy 25 (2):185-190.
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  • Democracy’s Discontent: America in Search of a Public Philosophy.William A. Galston - 1996 - Filosofie En Praktijk 18 (3):210-210.
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  • Unity and Complexity.Thomas Hurka - 1993 - In Perfectionism. New York, US: Oxford University Press.
    Continues the discussion of theoretical and practical perfection by examining the considerations that give some beliefs and intentions more quality and therefore value than others. It argues that Aristotelian considerations about rationality as essential to humans require measures of quality to be formal, considering only formal properties of beliefs and ends rather than their substantive content. There are two such measures: the extent of a belief's or end's content in space, time, and objects involved, and the degree to which different (...)
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  • The insularity of the reasonable: Why political liberalism must admit the truth.David Estlund - 1998 - Ethics 108 (2):252-275.
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  • (1 other version)Political liberalism, justice, and gender.Susan Moller Okin - 1994 - Ethics 105 (1):23-43.
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  • Should political philosophy be done without metaphysics?Jean Hampton - 1989 - Ethics 99 (4):791-814.
    In this paper, The author discusses rawls's recent argument that the aim of political philosophy is not the pursuit of truth but of "free agreement, Reconciliation through public reason" designed to forge an "overlapping consensus." although the author is prepared to agree that political philosophy should sometimes have this goal, She maintains that there are metaphysical commitments about the nature of human beings underlying philosophy itself which commit the political philosophers to pursuing conditions of freedom and equal respect for all, (...)
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  • Free public reason: making it up as we go.Fred D'Agostino - 1996 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Free Public Reason examines the idea of public justification, stressing its importance but also questioning the coherence of the concept itself. Although public justification is employed in the work of theorists such as John Rawls, Jeremy Waldron, Thomas Nagel, and others, it has received little attention on its own as a philosophical concept. In this book Fred D'Agostino shows that the concept is composed of various values, interests, and notions of the good, and that no ranking of these is possible. (...)
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  • (3 other versions)Social Epistemology.Alvin I. Goldman - 1999 - Critica 31 (93):3-19.
    Epistemology has historically focused on individual inquirers conducting their private intellectual affairs independently of one another. As a descriptive matter, however, what people believe and know is largely a function of their community and culture, narrowly or broadly construed. Most of what we believe is influenced, directly or indirectly, by the utterances and writings of others. So social epistemology deserves at least equal standing alongside the individual sector of epistemology.
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  • Political liberalism: An internal critique.Leif Wenar - 1995 - Ethics 106 (1):32-62.
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  • Political Liberalisms.Bruce Ackerman - 1994 - Journal of Philosophy 91 (7):364.
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  • Why dialogue?Bruce Ackerman - 1989 - Journal of Philosophy 86 (1):5-22.
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  • Liberal Rights.Ross Harrison & Jeremy Waldron - 1996 - Philosophical Quarterly 46 (184):401.
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  • Democracy’s Discontent.Philip Pettit & Michael Sandel - 1998 - Journal of Philosophy 95 (2):73.
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  • Political Liberalism and Social Epistemology.Allen Buchanan - 2004 - Philosophy and Public Affairs 32 (2):95-130.
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  • Political Liberalism by John Rawls. [REVIEW]Philip Pettit - 1994 - Journal of Philosophy 91 (4):215-220.
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  • Social moral epistemology.Allen Buchanan - 2002 - Social Philosophy and Policy 19 (2):126-152.
    The distinctive aim of applied ethics is to provide guidance as to how we ought to act, as individuals and as shapers of social policies. In this essay, I argue that applied ethics as currently practiced is inadequate and ought to be transformed to incorporate what I shall call social moral epistemology. This is a branch of social epistemology, the study of the social practices and institutions that promote the formation, preservation, and transmission of true beliefs. For example, social epistemologists (...)
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  • Religion in the Public Square: The Place of Religious Convictions in Political Debate.Philip L. Quinn - 1997 - Philosophical and Phenomenological Research 60 (2):486-489.
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  • (1 other version)Religious Commitment and Secular Reason.S. R. L. Clark - 2002 - Philosophical Quarterly 52 (206):134-137.
    Many religious people are alarmed about features of the current age - violence in the media, a pervasive hedonism, a marginalization of religion, and widespread abortion. These concerns influence politics, but just as there should be a separation between church and state, so should there be a balance between religious commitments and secular arguments calling for social reforms. Robert Audi offers a principle of secular rationale, which does not exclude religious grounds for action but which rules out restricting freedom except (...)
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  • Rawls and Religion: The Case for Political Liberalism.Daniel A. Dombrowski - 2001 - SUNY Press.
    Employs the political philosophy of John Rawls to address controversies involving politics and religion.
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  • Rawls's wide view of public reason: Not wide enough.David A. Reidy - 2000 - Res Publica 6 (1):49-72.
    What sorts of reasons are i) required and ii) morally acceptable when citizens in a pluralist liberal democracy undertake to resolve pressing political issues? This paper presents and then critically examines John Rawls''s answer to this question: his so called wide-view of public reason. Rawls''s view requires that the content of liberal public reason prove rich enough to yield a reasoned and determinate resolution for most if not all fundamental political issues. I argue that the content of liberal public reason (...)
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  • 10 Public Reason.Charles Larmore - 2003 - In Samuel Freeman (ed.), The Cambridge companion to Rawls. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 368.
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  • The appeal of political liberalism.Samuel Scheffler - 1994 - Ethics 105 (1):4-22.
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  • Perfectionism and Neutrality: Essays in Liberal Theory.Steven Wall (ed.) - 2003 - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    Editors provide a substantive introduction to the history and theories of perfectionism and neutrality, expertly contextualizing the essays and making the collection accessible.
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  • The survival of egalitarian justice in John Rawls's political liberalism.David Estlund - 1996 - Journal of Political Philosophy 4 (1):68–78.
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  • Democratic Procedures and Liberal Consensus.George Klosko - 2000 - Oxford University Press.
    In this ground-breaking study, George Klosko combines a theoretical discussion of liberalism with an empirical analysis of the conditions under which people give their support to liberal democratic regimes and regard policies as legitimate.
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  • The Limits of Public Reason.Bruce W. Brower - 1994 - Journal of Philosophy 91 (1):5-26.
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  • Perfectionism and Neutrality: Essays in Liberal Theory.Bruce Ackerman, Richard J. Arneson, Ronald W. Dworkin, Gerald F. Gaus, Kent Greenawalt, Vinit Haksar, Thomas Hurka, George Klosko, Charles Larmore, Stephen Macedo, Thomas Nagel, John Rawls, Joseph Raz & George Sher - 2003 - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    Editors provide a substantive introduction to the history and theories of perfectionism and neutrality, expertly contextualizing the essays and making the collection accessible.
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  • Democratic Procedures and Liberal Consensus.George Klosko - 2000 - Philosophy 75 (294):622-626.
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  • Reasonable pluralism and the domain of the political: How the weaknesses of John Rawls's political liberalism can be overcome by a justificatory liberalism.Gerald F. Gaus - 1999 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 42 (2):259 – 284.
    Under free institutions the exercise of human reason leads to a plurality of reasonable, yet irreconcilable doctrines. Rawls's political liberalism is intended as a response to this fundamental feature of modern democratic life. Justifying coercive political power by appeal to any one (or sample) of these doctrines is, Rawls believes, oppressive and illiberal. If we are to achieve unity without oppression, he tells us, we must all affirm a public political conception that is supported by these diverse reasonable doctrines. The (...)
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  • Natural Law and Public Reason.Robert P. George & Christopher Wolfe - 2000 - Georgetown University Press.
    "Public reason" is one of the central concepts in modern liberal political theory. As articulated by John Rawls, it presents a way to overcome the difficulties created by intractable differences among citizens' religious and moral beliefs by strictly confining the place of such convictions in the public sphere. Identifying this conception as a key point of conflict, this book presents a debate among contemporary natural law and liberal political theorists on the definition and validity of the idea of public reason. (...)
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  • (1 other version)Activist Challenges to Deliberative Democracy.Iris Marion Young - 2003 - In James S. Fishkin & Peter Laslett (eds.), Debating Deliberative Democracy. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 102–120.
    The Characters Deliberative Judgment of Activism Deliberative Procedures are Exclusive Formal Inclusion is not Enough Constrained Alternatives Hegemonic Discourse Notes.
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  • Pluralism and social unity.William A. Galston - 1989 - Ethics 99 (4):711-726.
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  • Kitcher on the Ethics of Inquiry.Robert B. Talisse & Scott F. Aikin - 2007 - Journal of Social Philosophy 38 (4):654-665.
    The thesis that scientific inquiry must operate within moral constraints is familiar and unobjectionable in cases involving immoral treatment of experimental subjects, as in the infamous Tuskegee experiments. However, in Science, Truth, and Democracy1 and related work,2 Philip Kitcher envisions a more controversial set of constraints. Specifically, he argues that inquiry ought not to be pursued in cases where the consequences of its pursuit are likely to affect negatively the lives of individuals who comprise a socially underprivileged group. This constraint (...)
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