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  1. Bioethics commissions: What can we learn from past successes and failures.Bradford H. Gray - 1995 - In Ruth Ellen Bulger, Elizabeth Meyer Bobby & Harvey V. Fineberg (eds.), Society's choices: social and ethical decision making in biomedicine. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. pp. 261--306.
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  • Research Involving the Vulnerable Sick.Charles Weijer - unknown
    Research involving the vulnerable sick raises difficult challenges for investigators and Institutional Review Boards. Exactly who among the ill counts as vulnerable is a matter of judgement, and involves consideration of susceptibility to harm and capacity to provide free and informed consent. A balanced approach is required when protections are considered, and the benefits as well as the risks of research participation must be carefully weighed. A variety of protections for the vulnerable sick in research are available, including enrolling subjects (...)
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  • In Loco Parentis Minimal Risk as an Ethical Threshold for Research upon Children.Benjamin Freedman, Abraham Fuks & Charles Weijer - 1993 - Hastings Center Report 23 (2):13-19.
    To what risks may children participating in research be subjected? Institutional review boards can stand surrogate for parents by filtering out studies whose risk is unacceptably high.
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  • Placebo-controlled Trials in Schizophrenia: Are They Ethical? Are They Necessary?Charles Weijer - unknown
    The current controversy as to the proper role of the placebo control in the evaluation of new treatments for schizophrenia requires an analysis that is sensitive to both ethical and scientific issues. Clinical equipoise, widely regarded as the moral foundation of the randomized controlled trial (RCT), requires the use of best available treatment as the control in RCT. Scientific criticisms of the use of an active control are examined and none present an insuperable barrier to the use of an active (...)
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  • Placebo Orthodoxy in Clinical Research I: Empirical and Methodological Myths.Benjamin Freedman, Charles Weijer & Kathleen Cranley Glass - 1996 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 24 (3):243-251.
    The use of statistics in medical research has been compared to a religion: it has its high priests, supplicants, and orthodoxy. Although the comparison may be more unfair to religion than to research, a useful lesson can nonetheless be drawn: the practice of clinical research may benefit—as does the spirit—from critical self-examination. Arguably, no aspect of the conduct of clinical trials is currently more controversial—and thus in as dire need of critical examination—than the use of placebo controls. The ethical and (...)
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  • Scientific value and validity as ethical requirements for research: a proposed explication.Benjamin Freedman - 1987 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 9 (6):7.
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  • Structuring the Review of Human Genetics Protocols Part II: Diagnostic and Screening Studies.Kathleen Cranley Glass, Charles Weijer, Trudo Lemmens, Roberta M. Palmour & Stanley H. Shapiro - 1997 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 19 (3/4):1.
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  • Asking the Sensitive Question: The Ethics of Survey Research and Teen Sex.Sarah R. Phillips - 1994 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 16 (6):1.
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  • (1 other version)Protecting Communities in Research: Current Guidelines and Limits of Extrapolation.Charles Weijer, Gary Goldsand & Ezekiel J. Emanuel - unknown
    As genetic research increasingly focuses on communities, there have been calls for extending research protections to them. We critically examine guidelines developed to protect aboriginal communities and consider their applicability to other communities. These guidelines are based on a model of researcher-community partnership and span the phases of a research project, from protocol development to publication. The complete list of 23 protections may apply to those few non-aboriginal communities, such as the Amish, that are highly cohesive. Although some protections may (...)
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  • (1 other version)Protecting Communities in Research: Philosophical and Pragmatic Challenges.Charles Weijer - 1999 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 8 (4):501-513.
    The issue of the protection of communities in clinical research first arose 10 years ago in studies conducted in technologically developing countries by scientists from technologically developed nations. The question was, which ethical standards ought to apply, those of the Western investigators or local standards?
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  • Placebo-Controlled Trials and the Logic of Scientific Purpose.Benjamin Freedman - 1990 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 12 (6):5.
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  • Demarcating Research and Treatment: A Systematic Approach for the Analysis of the Ethics of Clinical Research.Benjamin Freedman, Abraham Fuks & Charles Weijer - unknown
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  • The Ethics of Inducing Paranoia in an Experimental Setting.Melvin Lewis - 1981 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 3 (10):9.
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  • Thinking Clearly about Research Risk: Implications of the Work of Benjamin Freedman.Charles Weijer - 1999 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 21 (6):1.
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  • The new national statement on ethical conduct in research involving humans: A social theoretic perspective.R. E. Ashcroft - 1999 - Monash Bioethics Review 18 (4):14-17.
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  • Protecting Communities in Biomedical Research.Charles Weijer & E. J. Emanuel - unknown
    Although for the last 50 years, ethicists dealing with human experimentation have focused primarily on the need to protect individual research subjects and vulnerable groups, biomedical research, especially in genetics, now requires the establishment of standards for the protection of communities. We have developed such a strategy, based on five steps. (i) Identification of community characteristics relevant to the biomedical research setting, (ii) delineation of a typology of different types of communities using these characteristics, (iii) determination of the range of (...)
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