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  1. An Inquiry Into Meaning and Truth.Bertrand Russell - 1940 - New York: Routledge.
    Bertrand Russell is concerned in this book with the foundations of knowledge. He approaches his subject through a discussion of language, the relationships of truth to experience and an investigation into how knowledge of the structure of language helps our understanding of the structure of the world. This edition includes a new introduction by Thomas Baldwin, Clare College, Cambridge.
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  • Structuralism.Jean Piaget - 1970 - New York,: Basic Books.
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  • Animal Species and Evolution.Ernst Mayr - 1963 - Belknap of Harvard University Press.
    Comprehensive evaluation and study of man's theories and knowledge of genetical characteristics and the evolutionary processes.
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  • Species concepts, individuality, and objectivity.Michael Ghiselin - 1987 - Biology and Philosophy 2 (2):127-43.
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  • Functional morphology and evolutionary biology.P. Dullemeijer - 1980 - Acta Biotheoretica 29 (3-4):151-250.
    In this study the relationship between functional morpholoy and evolutionary biology is analysed by confronting the main concepts in both disciplines.Rather than only discussing this connection theoretically, the analysis is carried out by introducing important practical and experimental studies, which use aspects from both disciplines. The mentioned investigations are methodologically analysed and the consequences for extensions of the relationship are worked out. It can be shown that both disciplines have a large domain of their own and also share a large (...)
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  • (1 other version)On the origin of species.Charles Darwin - 2008 - New York: Oxford University Press. Edited by Gillian Beer.
    The present edition provides a detailed and accessible discussion ofhis theories and adds an account of the immediate responses to the book on publication.
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  • Certainty and Circularity in Evolutionary Taxonomy.David L. Hull - 1967 - Evolution 21 (1):174-189.
    Certain lines of reasoning common in evolutionary taxonomy have been termed viciously circular. They are quite obviously not logically circular. They do give the superficial appearance of epistemological circularity. This appearance arises from the method of successive approximation used by evolutionary taxonomists. It is argued that this method is not epistemologically circular, even when the only evidence that the taxonomist has to go on is the phenetic similarity of contemporary forms. The important criticism of evolutionary taxonomy is rather that in (...)
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  • Numerical Taxonomy: The Principles and Practice of Numerical Classification.Peter Henry Andrews Sneath & Robert R. Sokal - 1973 - W. H. Freeman and Co..
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  • Type Concept Revisited. A Survey of German Idealistic Morphology in the First Half of the Twentieth Century.Rudie Trienes - 1989 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 11 (1):23 - 42.
    This article concerns a number of relatively important German zoologists and anatomists, who belonged to the group of idealistic morphologists, a group of scientists forming a counterpart to the experimental sciences on the European continent in the first half of the twentieth century. Idealistic morphology employed the type concept, i.e. the theoretical construct of an ideal form, which could be used as a unifying principle for ordering the multitude of actually existing forms. Given the logical primacy of the type concept, (...)
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  • Structuralism, functionalism, and the four Aristotelian causes.Olivier Rieppel - 1990 - Journal of the History of Biology 23 (2):291-320.
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  • Type-concept, higher classification and evolution.L. van der Hammen - 1981 - Acta Biotheoretica 30 (1):3-48.
    A study is made of the history of the type and related concepts, from Greek Antiquity up to the present. It is demonstrated that the type-concept of eighteenth century biology was based on Leibniz's concept of substantial form, and was not related to a Platonic Idea, whilst it is now generally understood in the sense of model or norm. In the present paper, a type-concept is developed which includes ontogenetic and phylogenetic time and various evolutionary mechanisms. This type can serve (...)
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  • Form and Function: A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology.E. S. Russell - 1916 - Journal of the History of Biology 17 (1):151-151.
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  • Theoretical discussion on some functional-morphological terms and some general reflexions on explanations in biology.Walter Verraes - 1981 - Acta Biotheoretica 30 (4):255-273.
    In his article Forme et Fonction Barge wrote in 1936 that living matter cannot be totally understood in terms of causality. In this paper we argue on the contrary that this is in principle possible.In order to develop our arguments, we discuss some basic and derived concepts used in morphology and functional anatomy. We also formulate comments on the so-called formal, functional and final elucidations.
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  • Type-concept, higher classification and evolution.L. Hammen - 1981 - Acta Biotheoretica 30 (1).
    A study is made of the history of the type and related concepts, from Greek Antiquity up to the present. It is demonstrated that the type-concept of eighteenth century biology was based on Leibniz's concept of substantial form, and was not related to a Platonic Idea, whilst it is now generally understood in the sense of model or norm. In the present paper, a type-concept is developed which includes ontogenetic and phylogenetic time and various evolutionary mechanisms. This type (an archetype) (...)
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  • On Psychologism in the Logic of Taxonomic Controversies.Michael T. Ghiselin - 1966 - Systematic Zoology 15 (3):207-215.
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  • The concept of homology in biology.N. Jardine - 1967 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 18 (2):125-139.
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  • Evolutionary and classical concepts of homology: A reply to aboitiz.Mark Wilkinson - 1988 - Acta Biotheoretica 37 (3-4):315-319.
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  • The importance of morphology in the evolutionary synthesis as demonstrated by the contributions of the Oxford group: Goodrich, Huxley, and de Beer.Steven James Waisbren - 1988 - Journal of the History of Biology 21 (2):291-330.
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  • Homology: A comparative or a historical concept?Francisco Aboitiz - 1988 - Acta Biotheoretica 37 (1):27-29.
    The meaning of the word homology has changed. From being a comparative concept in pre-Darwinian times, it became a historical concept, strictly signifying a common evolutionary origin for either anatomical structures or genes. This historical understanding of homology is not useful in classification; therefore I propose a return to its pre-Darwinian meaning.
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