Towing the line of the shared interaction between Indian and Western phenomenological thought, the paper presents a phenomenological analysis and appreciation of the idealistic esoteric tradition of Pratyabhijna, a sub-school of what is popularly known as Kasmir Saivism. Armed with the lens of the Husserlian phenomenological method, the paper looks at the phenomenological elements of epistemological 'world-making' within Pratyabhijna. With the vantage point supplied by previous research that has investigated parallels in the notions of consciousness between Husserlian phenomenology and (...) the Indian philosophical traditions of Samkara, Ramanuja, and the Yogacara Buddhists, the paper suggests that both transcendental phenomenology and Pratyabhijna postulate a foundational, temporal, and intentional consciousness, in contradistinction to the aforementioned traditions. In underscoring the intentional nature of consciousness in Pratyabhijna, the paper emphasises the epistemological dyad of prakasa-vimarsa. While doing the following, it also points to the differences in the key metaphysical assumptions of the two traditions. (shrink)

In contrast to a stereotypical account of Indian philosophy that are entailments of the interpreter’s beliefs (an approach that violates basic standards of reason), an approach to Indian philosophy grounded on the constraints of formal reason reveals not only a wide spread disagreement on dharma (THE RIGHT OR THE GOOD), but also a pervasive commitment to the practical foundation of life’s challenges. The flip side of this practical orientation is the criticism of ordinary experience as erroneous and reducible to the (...) agent’s mental states. If we ignore the background practical orientation in Indian philosophy, this seems not like an error theory, that I call Ironic Idealism, but as a defense of idealism. I consider salient candidates for Indian Idealism (Advaita Vedānta, Yogācāra Buddhism, Kāśmīra Śaivism and the Yogavāsiṣṭha) and note that these positions continue a theme in Indian philosophy of articulating Ironic Idealism. Ironic Idealism depends upon the very Indian distinction between ultimate and provisional truth, and Ironic Idealism criticizes the mundane, provisional sort of "truth" as psychological and mental --- and ultimately false. Interpretation, the common approach to the study of Indian philosophy, is an example of what Ironic Idealism criticizes. This explains why authors incorrectly find Idealism everywhere in Indian thought. (shrink)

This paper seeks to bring cosmopsychism, a contemporary metaphysical position on the nature of mind and consciousness, into contact with the philosophical tradition of Hinduism. Behind this exercise lies the motivation to examine how ideas developed within this rich tradition could aid in the effort to think constructively and creatively about issues which occupy the contemporary literature on panpsychism, and in particular cosmopsychism. I argue that, within the Hindu philosophical corpus, contemporary cosmopsychism finds its most natural allies in two world-affirming (...) views: Kashmir Śaivism, and the integral Advaita of Sri Aurobindo. After discussing these views, and their affinities to cosmopsychism, I argue that one important potential contributions of such perspectives lies in the fact that they present us with a form of priority monism little developed within contemporary philosophy. I call this neglected perspective generative monism, and I offer a preliminary exposition of the view and of its explanatory potential. (shrink)