The article analyzes the political situation in Galicia late XIX - early XX century. The author considered policy of the Austrian government in the Ukrainian-Polish confrontation. The factors which determined this politic and its impact on the development of Ukrainian national movement in Galicia are determined.

Neutrality - a special international legal status, which is a tool for implementing the international policy. The feasibility of raising the issue of recognition by the world community of permanent neutrality to avoid Ukraine bloc confrontation, further loss of life and return to peace is very relevant question. The author tried to analyze the experience of Turkmenistan as for the way of acquiring by foreign offiials the status of permanent neutrality.