Review of Westerhoff, J.. The Golden Age of Indian Buddhist Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Article I.Titovskiy "Influence understanding of the Holy Trinity Christian dogmas on the formation of social and political relations" explores issues of mutual influence of religion and government, which are relevant today for Ukraine, which are able to change their socio-political relations. And since the vast majority of Ukrainian citizens are Christians, then understanding the tenets of the Holy Trinity should contribute its share of Ukrainian assistance to build a new and better society and the state, to which all citizens.

The emergence of the term of public sphere in social and philosophical tradition in ancient times and its revival in modern times, during the conceptualization of modernity were a number of steps that have shaped the transformation of the content of the public sphere. For ancient thinkers public sphere was a natural environment of the society functioning, the foundation of political activity. The main achievement of the ancient philosophical theory in research of the public sphere should be considered a combination (...) of social and political meanings mentioned public sphere. This constitutive unity led to the development of the concept and phenomenon of the public sphere in the procedural context of democracy. Overview of mentions of the public sphere of social and philosophical constructs of the past enables to understand that the public sphere was a concept that served auxiliary element in building a holistic and systemic view of society, the state and government. However, references to the public sphere most of the sources are philosophical context. This political-philosophical foundations and empirical consideration of political and public spheres reveal the contents of institutional publicity. Publicity in politics - it’s both political and social, and individual and collective at the same time. It is a way of life of an individual and a way to stimulate the expression of his qualities in its relation to other people. Hence the need for differentiating factors of the political process and opportunities for public expression counterfactual political positions appears. Constituting of the publicity as the sphere of common social life in general is an important feature and the result of political and philosophical developments of this issue. Enlargement of the philosophical knowledge and reflctions on the public sphere, provided multiple and very full display of the public in art, in social activities. Formation of social philosophy as a special area of research, formed the ideological legacy, which, in turn, led to the emergence of comprehensive publicity and stereotypes about the public sphere. The specifid dimension complements the system vision of politics, allows us to formulate the relationship between facts of the political and the political ideosphere products that have not found a place in the functional structure of the system vision. Public sphere of politics as a construct and phenomenon, according to the author, is designed to simultaneously distinguish the «new» political interaction and represent in a new light «old» political phenomenon. For example, the phenomenon of political communication becomes important public representation. At the same time theoretical and methodological searching on the object of public political fild there is a need of substantial parts inventory of substantial public sphere of politics requiring the use of structural-functional approach. However, the structure and function of the components of public sphere of politics are defied as specifi status role in the political environment and the direction of their real impact on political reality. This creates conditions for demarcation of both conceptual separation of the political process and public sphere of politics as the plane of the potential of implementation of communicative process participants’ importance claims. Also the specifi factors identifiation that determine the media activity, in both cases classifiation state media carried a means of differentiation from ideal-typical condition as proposed within political theory. However, unilateral attempts to transform mediastructure at least in some respects it may encounter on lack of understanding of the major players. That can mean either a lack of innovation or sharp short-term changes that destabilize the situation and again lead to a push towards building a democratic public sphere of politics. A special aspect of the media as part of the current public sphere of politics is the development of political and social networks, in which citizens are able to communicate, to defend their positions and on condition of anonymity to assess the current social and political situation. However, the development of new communication systems does not lead to the formation of a genuine public sphere as political actors are trying to use it for their own purposes. (shrink)

Purpose. The research is aimed at substantiation of the process of formation of various human images in the postmodernism era in the context of biophilosophy, taking into account the need to find an adequate response to historical challenges and the production of new value orientations reflecting succession of civilization development. Theoretical basis. The author in his theoretical constructs proceeds from the need of taking into account the biophilosophical aspect of postmodern man, as the one who, remaining a representative of the (...) species Homo sapiens, began to dynamically change, losing its own natural and functional qualities, acquiring to a large extent the socio-technology-related qualities. The thesis that in the postmodern society the moral and legal foundations of existence of human being, as the subject of actions and responsibility for these actions, practically coincide with the biological foundations is taken as initial argument. New biological knowledge, as well as the related technologies, orient the public consciousness towards production of fundamentally new or modernization of the existing bio-philosophical ideas. The author's vision of the anthropological collision of the Post-Modernism era is caused by the fact that the issues of a postmodern man acquire a special urgency at the end of the ХХ – early XXI century. A progressive disproportion between a human being, whose abilities as a representative of the species Homo sapiens are biologically limited, and the human community, which sees no limits in its information and technological expansion, is of current interest. Originality. The author reveals the key features of the Post-Modernism era, in which a fundamentally different civilizational space originates, and where a new type of person emerges in its internal culture, which is called the postmodern man. The postmodern man was considered through the prism of bio-philosophy. Its interest in man is caused by his or her place in nature, the prospects of development at the individual, population and species levels. Conclusions. In the process of development of bio-philosophy, its research field will be naturally expanded with the use of philosophical means of perception of life as such and filling the bio-philosophy with philosophical and biological issues. In contemporary conditions, the study of the boundaries of biological reality and its previously unknown properties, definition of new horizons of theoretical knowledge in the science of life, the critical rethinking of the concepts of biocentrism and anthropocentrism in the space of modern scientific knowledge, the definition of perspective trends in the study of man, his or her place and role in the planetary being is of great importance. (shrink)

Secularization theory is one of those intellectual products that determine the understanding of religion, its status in society, and the changes that take place between faith and unbelief, between church and state, for quite some time. Constituted in the United States in the mid-twentieth century, this theory has found many followers both in America and in Europe, even in the USSR. Its validity and integrity, evidentiality and obviousness did not cause any doubt either to scholars or to religious and statesmen. (...) It was clear that society is liberated from the influence of religion and the church, is rapidly secularized, which will inevitably lead to the transformation of religion into a marginal phenomenon, and eventually - to its extinction. But the predictions that were made with unqualified certainty did not come true, as the development of the religious environment at the end of the XX and the beginning of the XXI century showed. Not only has religion not lost its significance for the modern man, but he is also actively returning to the public sphere. In line with such objective changes, secularization theory undergoes significant transformations, evolving from a monopoly that it has had for almost half a century, to a crisis, and eventually to its antipode, a theory of desecularization. (shrink)

The analysis features forms and methods of modern military-political conflicts «hybrid type» and their impact on life safety of civilians. Systematized the main specific features of the military and political conflicts. We study the probability of escalation in modern globalization.

Предметом дослідження є сприйняття людського виміру як антропологічного аспекту гуманістичного управління, в основі яких взаємовідносини людини, влади, суспільства. В статті описується еволюція поглядів на людину у контексті антропологічних засад гуманістичного управління; відмічається, що тенденція розвитку філософсько-антропологічного знання гуманістичного управління базується на сприйнятті людиною в проекції антропологічних вимірів людини, що є основоположним у європейській філософії. У статті аналізується сутність людиновимірності як антропологічної парадигми гуманістичного управління, у якій людина являється не тільки економічною, чи політичною клітинкою суспільства, але й духовно-культурної клітинки суспільства; дається (...) аналіз людиновимірності як антропологічної парадигми європейської філософії, яка досліджує антропологічні основи економічної, політичної і соціальної сфер, осмислює умови створення гуманного суспільства, у якому повинні бути реалізовані імперативи справедливого суспільства. Розкриті характерні риси і особливості, а також умови досягнення людиновимірності як антропологічної основи європейського гуманістичного управління. Отримані знання можуть бути корисними для вирішення антропологічних проблем гуманістичного управління. (shrink)

The study of historical sources and factors and the occurrence of geopolitical events is a prerequisite for understanding the political reality in Ukraine. It is noted that the formation of Ukrainian political thought of the late XIX - early XX century. geopolitical situation on Ukrainian lands affected by political and geographical location on the border of Ukrainian territory civilizational borders between Western and Eastern Christian religious regions of the world. Established that A. Sheptytsky geopolitical views shaped by certain political realities. (...) Metropolitan was familiar with the then European construction projects – «median Europe» and «New Europe». His own views can be considered a combination of Western and Central European areas that existed in the Ukrainian political thought. A. Sheptytsky was inherent to national Christian type geopolitical consciousness – seeing the world as a combination of related religious people. Ukraine he viewed primarily as a Christian country in the Christian community of states. The key elements of Ukrainian history consider the metropolitan of Christianity and the conclusion of Brest. These two acts allowed Ukrainian unite the Christian world, gave impetus to the culture, and the ability to maintain identity in a hostile environment. A factor that determined the current situation of the Ukrainian lands were geographical location between two culturally and religiously distinct spaces – Western and Eastern. Ukrainian Religious differences were the result of different foreign policy goals and in turn led to different geopolitical orientation. A factor which provides one people over another advantage is its high level of culture based on education and science. A characteristic feature of the geopolitical views A. Sheptytsky was focused on such intangible factors as geopolitical religion, culture, strengthening the thesis of the right of peoples to selfdetermination, building relationships based on recognition of equality, establish state borders based on ethnographic principle. Noted Western European orientation clear foreign policy orientation A. Sheptytsky, which showed his diplomatic activity, classifying and Ukraine as the only political body. A. Sheptytsky undertook practical measures to acquaint the international community with the Ukrainian problem in 1921-1923. Interwar period showed a Metropolitan attention to international developments, especially those related to Ukrainian lands: the fall of Czechoslovakia in 1939 and the Polish-German conflct. The beginning of the German occupation once again confimed Ukraine A. Sheptytsky vision in the circle of European nations in its democratic dimension. This metropolitan disassociated himself from any manifestation of chauvinism in international and interstate relations. (shrink)

Present international relations are a complex of relatively particular varieties, especially political, diplomatic, economic, religious, cultural and media relations. Integration is a versatile and complex phenomenon. It is quite diffiult process which does not have defiitive typology. Integration determines patterns of development of the modern world, because it inflences the global structure, global governance. At the present, the development of integration organizations has great importance in international relations. These organizations exist in all regions. They have a great inflence on the (...) development of political, economic, social and cultural relations between states that are members of these associations. New integration structure should ensure an active human development in general. This is the main criteria and principles of the modern world, and according to this criteria, it is also an institutional functional mechanism. In particular, the process of integration is very popular in Latin America. In Latin America, there are a large number of different integration organizations. Among them are: Latin American Integration Association, Andean Community of Nations, Central American Integration System. All of these organizations inflence the development of integration processes on the continent. Latin American integration has one feature. The cooperation between states has an economic basis. The above organizations have not only economic interests, but also common political, cultural, eco and social projects. It can be argued that the process of integration in Latin America is developing rapidly and has great prospects. But there are some problems. First of all, there is no unity among the states. Different countries have different integration strategy. Also, Latin American countries do not develop uniformly. Argentina and Brazil are developing faster rate than other countries. Thus, it is obvious that the integration of Latin America has some problems. But there are many organizations that are developing and increase their potential. (shrink)