Resumo. Com a crescente desigualdade social, a corrupção e a instabilidade política, o problema da justiça no Quirguizistão torna-se um tema urgente, que exige medidas para assegurar a estabilidade e o desenvolvimento do país, através de uma governança social eficaz. O estudo visa a identificar variações na compreensão filosófica da justiça, no contexto da governança social, no Quirguizistão, utilizando uma abordagem fenomenológica, na sua base teórica e metodológica. A base empírica do trabalho foi o método do grupo de discussão, o (...) qual envolveu ativistas no Quirguizistão. Existem duas abordagens dominantes na percepção da justiça, no país. A abordagem liberal sublinha a importância dos direitos individuais, das liberdades e dos princípios do mercado. A abordagem socialista enfatiza a importância dos interesses colectivos, da solidariedade social e da intervenção do Estado na economia. É importante criar mecanismos que estejam em conformidade com os princípios liberais, mas que também tenham em conta as necessidades das pessoas que estão habituadas a uma economia mais planificada e à intervenção do Estado. Os resultados do estudo têm valor prático para as estruturas estatais envolvidas em processos de reforma social e econômica. (shrink)

Moral outrage is key in working through how best to support the clients with whom we work, and in supporting possibilities for new types of livable subjectivities to emerge. This academic paper argues that practice must be informed by an ethical imperative to centre difference based on a postmodern and queer recognition of the self as incoherent and constantly shifting. By exploring the foundations of social work as a field, outrage itself is demonstrated to be an affective stance which normalizes (...) certain narratives by overshadowing others. The paper grounds the call to conceptualize identity as an ongoing relational practice in order to open up possibilities for social work to engage with moral outrage in non-normative and queerly productive ways. A queering of outrage calls for a recognition of different and historicized forms of livability and demands that those recognitions be necessarily complicated by ongoing fissures in identity construction through place and time. Ultimately to begin from a queerly non-normative place of outrage reflects an ethical imperative to include those who are left out of discursive frames, those whose lives are made precarious through their inarticulation. (shrink)

Until recently, few people would have doubted that the idea of distributive justice is old, indeed ancient. Several authors have now challenged this assumption. Most prominently, Samuel Fleischacker argued that distributive justice originates in the eighteenth century. If accurate, this would upset much of what we have taken for granted about an important part of the history of Western political thought. However, the thesis is manifestly flawed; and since it has already proven influential, it is important to set the record (...) straight. We will focus on the principle of extreme necessity, developed in twelfth- and thirteenth-century canon law, and subsequently adopted in civil law. Despite its immense importance for the history of political thought, the principle is barely known, and much less discussed. We briefly characterize the main tenets of the principle and show that it meets all the criteria to count as a principle of distributive justice. (shrink)