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  1. For Humanistic Management and Against Economics.Sigmund Wagner-Tsukamoto - 2018 - Business and Society Review 123 (3):459-488.
    The paper critiques the relationship between personalist ethics and institutional economics, and accepts that institutional economics can be difficult to reconcile with humanistic management that builds on personalist ethics. Even so the paper connects impersonalist ethics with institutional economics. On this ground, the paper demonstrates how theory and practice of personalist humanist management can lean on impersonalist ethics, i.e., institutional economics. Three pathways are laid out for such leanings. It is argued that to understand these alignments is important to improve (...)
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  • Confucian ethics, moral foundations, and shareholder value perspectives: An exploratory study.Xingyuan Wang, Fuan Li & Qin Sun - 2018 - Business Ethics: A European Review 27 (3):260-271.
    A survey study was conducted to look into the effect of Confucian ethics and the psychological foundations of morality on business managers' perspectives on corporate social responsibility (CSR). Using responses from 393 Chinese managers, we first conducted confirmatory factor analysis to assess the reliability and validity of the measurement model and then employed hierarchical regression to explore the relationships among Confucian ethics, moral foundations, and managers' shareholder value perspectives. The results indicate that both Confucian ethics and managers' moral foundations had (...)
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  • Effects of Confucian values and national culture on business ethics in China: an empirical examination.Rafik I. Beekun, Jim Westerman, Ji Guo, Daniel Jones & Jennifer Westerman - forthcoming - Asian Journal of Business Ethics:1-31.
    China’s business sector has been described as facing serious ethical challenges, including corruption and bribery, distributive injustice, environmental pollution, and misspending of public funds. Unethical decision-making in business represents a potentially destabilizing force for government, business, and society. Recent calls for research that is detailed, nuanced, contemporary, and context-specific on the effects of Asian national business systems on ethical business practices, according to Pereira et al. (2017), are particularly relevant for countries including China that possess the entanglement of a “multiplexity”-multiple (...)
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  • Can customer loyalty be explained by virtue ethics? The Chinese way.Kenneth K. Kwong, Felix Tang, Vane-ing Tian & Alex L. K. Fung - 2015 - Asian Journal of Business Ethics 4 (1):101-115.
    Virtue ethics is regarded as the key in search of moral excellence among corporations. Yet, there are limited works to empirically investigate what virtuous character morally good corporations is expected to exhibit in the course of business from the perspective of customers. To fill this gap, we argue that customers are to evaluate firm’s virtuous character using Confucian cardinal virtues (ren, yi, and li) and perceived virtuousness determines customer loyalty. We test this argument using a sample of 276 Hong Kong (...)
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  • How can corporations adopt Confucianism in business practices? Two representative cases.Shih-Ching Liu - 2020 - Business Ethics 29 (4):796-809.
    Ethics is one of the oldest scholarly topics, whether in Eastern Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism, or Western Deontology, Utilitarianism, and Virtue Theory, among others. Traditional ethics focuses on providing guidelines for behavior at a personal level. However, business ethics focuses more on corporations, with related studies addressing why corporations should practice social responsibility and embed ethics in business practices. Applying ethics to firms requires a variety of considerations in many areas. This is especially the case in Confucianism, which emphasizes self‐cultivation, (...)
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  • Junzi virtues: a Confucian foundation for harmony within organizations.Robin Stanley Snell, Crystal Xinru Wu & Hong Weng Lei - 2022 - Asian Journal of Business Ethics 11 (1):183-226.
    The classical literature on Confucianism exhorted leaders to practice five core virtues as the basis for becoming a noble person and for sustaining harmonious communities built on trust and good example. We present a theory about how the senior management in modern corporations, by enacting the five Junzi virtues through virtuous environmental, social, and governance policies and practices, might inspire virtue-based relationships between superiors and subordinates and between employees. We argue that if middle managers and employees observe and experience that (...)
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  • (1 other version)The rationality-of-ends/market-structure grid: positioning and contrasting different approaches to business ethics.Sigmund Wagner-Tsukamoto - 2008 - Business Ethics: A European Review 17 (3):326-346.
    This paper presents the ‘rationality‐of‐ends/market‐structure grid’. With this grid, the article contrasts, in economic terms, different approaches to business ethics and addresses the question how far and what type of business ethics is feasible. Four basic scenarios for business ethics are outlined that imply different conceptualizations of business ethics. The grid interrelates a rationality‐of‐ends dimension with a market‐structure dimension. The rationality‐of‐ends dimension ranges from opportunism and self‐interested egoism to self‐interested altruism and ultimately to authentic altruism. The market‐structure dimension ranges from (...)
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  • Confucian Virtue Ethics and Ethical Leadership in Modern China.Li Yuan, Robert Chia & Jonathan Gosling - 2022 - Journal of Business Ethics 182 (1):119-133.
    Research on ethical leadership in organizations has been largely based on Western philosophical traditions and has tended to focus on Western corporate experiences. Insights gained from such studies may however not be universally applicable in other cultural contexts. This paper examines the normative grounds for an alternative Confucian virtue-based ethics of leadership in China. As with Western corporations, organizational practices in China are profoundly shaped by their own cultural history and philosophical outlook. The ethical norms guiding both the practice and (...)
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  • The Role of Qing and Li 1 in Chinese Entrepreneurial Decision Making: A Confucian Ren-Yi Wisdom Perspective.Yunxia Zhu - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 126 (4):613-630.
    The intellectual debates on wise entrepreneurship behavior such as decision making tend to focus on the relationship between economic rationality and morality, while overlooking the important role affect plays. To fill in this gap, this paper proposes a theoretical framework based on the Confucian concepts of ren and yi and studies their practical manifestation in qing and li 1 for decision making. Drawing from 32 in-depth interviews and 52 vignettes with Chinese SME entrepreneurs, this study has found that qing plays (...)
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  • The Impact of Competitors–Firm Power Divergence on Chinese SMES’ Environmental and Financial Performance.Zhi Tang & Jintong Tang - 2016 - Journal of Business Ethics 136 (1):147-165.
    Competitor pressure is one of the major reasons that a SME engages in environmentally friendly or damaging activities. Extant research has argued that environmental strengths and concerns have mirror opposite relationships with stakeholder antecedents as well as with performance outcomes. We suggest this argument does not reflect the reality. Building on stakeholder management and Red Queen theories, we hypothesize that environmental strengths and concerns have differential relationships with competitors–firm power exchange and financial performance for Chinese SMEs. Results of ten interviews, (...)
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  • Conceptualizing the International For-Profit Social Entrepreneur.R. Scott Marshall - 2011 - Journal of Business Ethics 98 (2):183 - 198.
    This article looks at social entrepreneurs that operate for-profit and internationally, offering that international for-profit social entrepreneurs (IFPSE) are of a unique type. Initially, this article utilizes the entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship, and international entrepreneurship literatures to develop a definition of the IFPSE. Next, a proposed model of the IFPSE is built utilizing the dimensions of mindset, opportunity recognition, social networks, and outcomes. Case studies of three IFPSE are then used to examine the proposed model. In the final section, findings from (...)
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  • Consumer Ethics in Japan: An Economic Reconstruction of Moral Agency of Japanese Firms – Qualitative Insights from Grocery/Retail Markets.Sigmund Wagner-Tsukamoto - 2009 - Journal of Business Ethics 84 (1):29-44.
    The article reconstructs, in economic terms, managerial business ethics perceptions in the Japanese consumer market for fast-moving daily consumption products. An economic, three-level model of moral agency was applied that distinguishes unintentional moral agency, passive intentional moral agency and active intentional moral agency. The study took a qualitative approach and utilized as empirical research design an interview procedure. The study found that moral agency of Japanese firms mostly extended up to unintentional and intentional passive moral agency. Certain myopic managerial views (...)
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  • Religion, Opportunism, and International Market Entry Via Non-Equity Alliances or Joint Ventures.Ning Li - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 80 (4):771-789.
    One challenge that globalization has brought to business is that firms, as they expand their market globally through cross-border alliances, need to deal with partner firms from countries of different religious background. The impact of a country’s dominant religion on its firms’ international market entry mode choices has not been examined in traditional approaches. Focusing on hypothesizing the influence of Christian beliefs and atheism (i.e., the absence of belief in any deities), this research aims to fill the gap by exploring (...)
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  • Junzi living in liberal democracy: What role could Confucianism play in political liberalism?Baldwin Wong - 2021 - Philosophical Forum 52 (1):17-28.
    It has been widely argued that East Asian governments should be permitted to promote Confucian values. Recently, Zhuoyao Li rejected this view and advocates that East Asian govern- ments should be neutral to all cultures and religions, including Confucianism. Nevertheless, Li believes that Confucianism does not loses its significance in a political liberal state because Confucians can still propose laws and policies, so long as their proposals are justified by public reason. In this paper, I argue that Li misunderstands the (...)
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  • Ethical Perceptions of Business Students: Differences Between East Asia and the USA and Among “Confucian” Cultures.Kun Young Chung, John W. Eichenseher & Teruso Taniguchi - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 79 (1-2):121-132.
    This paper reports the results of a survey of 842 undergraduate business students in four nations - the United States of America, the Peoples' Republic of China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. This survey asked students to respond to four scenarios with potentially unethical business behavior and a string of questions related to the importance of ethics in business strategy and in personal behaviors. Based on arguments related to differences in recent historical experiences, the authors suggest that student responses (...)
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  • Business Ethics in Greater China: An Introduction.Allan K. K. Chan, Po-Keung Ip & Kit-Chun Joanna Lam - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 88 (S1):1 - 9.
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  • (1 other version)The rationality-of-ends/market-structure grid: Positioning and contrasting different approaches to business ethics.Sigmund Wagner-Tsukamoto - 2008 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 17 (3):326–346.
    This paper presents the 'rationality-of-ends/market-structure grid'. With this grid, the article contrasts, in economic terms, different approaches to business ethics and addresses the question how far and what type of business ethics is feasible. Four basic scenarios for business ethics are outlined that imply different conceptualizations of business ethics. The grid interrelates a rationality-of-ends dimension with a market-structure dimension. The rationality-of-ends dimension ranges from opportunism and self-interested egoism to self-interested altruism and ultimately to authentic altruism. The market-structure dimension ranges from (...)
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  • Evolution of Ethics and Entrepreneurship: Hybrid Literature Review and Theoretical Propositions.Sebastián Uriarte, Cristian Geldes & Jesús Santorcuato - forthcoming - Journal of Business Ethics:1-23.
    Entrepreneurship has been highlighted as one of the major forces in addressing significant economic, social, and environmental challenges. These challenges have raised new ethical questions, leading to an explosive growth of research at the intersection of ethics and entrepreneurship. This study provides an overview of the evolution of the scientific literature on the interplay between ethics and entrepreneurship to propose a research proposition with standardized protocols and a broad time limit. Specifically, in a hybrid literature review, 516 articles from peer-reviewed (...)
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  • The International Business Ethics Index: Asian Emerging Economies.John Tsalikis, Bruce Seaton & Tiger Li - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 80 (4):643-651.
    The systematic measurement of consumers’ sentiments toward business ethical practices is expanded to two emerging economies in Asia (China and India). The Chinese were very optimistic about the future ethical behavior of businesses, while the Indians recorded the lowest BEI scores yet. Chinese consumers were very concerned with product issues, while Indians were concerned equally about low quality products and excessive prices.
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  • Confucian Dynamism, the Role of Money and Consumer Ethical Beliefs: An Exploratory Study in Taiwan.Long-Chuan Lu, Ya-Wen Huang & Hsiu-Hua Chang - 2014 - Ethics and Behavior 24 (1):34-52.
    Consumer ethics is the moral principles and standards that guide consumers to determine the certain consumption behaviors are ethically right or wrong. Whereas cultural and personal dimensions are crucial constructs affecting individual ethical attitudes and behaviors, few studies consider Confucian dynamism and the role of money in consumer ethics. Confucian dynamism, a cultural dimension based on Confucianism, has played a central role in guiding moral obligations and ethics in human relations in several East Asian countries. Thus, this study tested its (...)
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  • Using the Dizi Gui to break away from a deteriorated business environment—a case study.Hugo Winckler - 2014 - Asian Journal of Business Ethics 3 (2):111-125.
    The three main Chinese teachings can all be used to develop a framework for corporate governance in China. Recently, the Confucian classic the Dizi gui has emerged as a matter of academic and social interest in Mainland China. Some entrepreneurs have decided to revert to the moral rules set out in this book to decide on complex moral dilemma. Our research aims to explore an actual case in which a business leader from Beijing succeeded in transforming his moral aspiration into (...)
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  • Contextualization of Religion and Entrepreneurial Performance: A Lens of Buddhist Small Business Entrepreneurs.Lufina Mahadewi, Surachman Surachman, Djumilah Hadiwidjojo & Nur Khusniyah Indrawati - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    This study explores the manifestation of Buddhism's conception in underlying entrepreneurial performance. The study is a qualitative research approach with a development direction that comes from successful Buddhist small business entrepreneurs in Bekasi, Indonesia. The interpretive paradigm is used to interpret social life in the reality of successful Buddhist small business entrepreneurs on entrepreneurial performance. Data collection using in-depth interviews with Buddhist small business entrepreneurs in an open-ended format. Data analysis was done in many stages, including domain analysis, taxonomy analysis, (...)
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  • (1 other version)Corporate Governance in A sian Countries: Has C onfucianism Anything to Offer?S. H. Goo Lilian Miles - 2013 - Business and Society Review 118 (1):23-45.
    Although Confucianism is a resilient cultural tradition in Asian societies, its role in their corporate governance systems is ambiguous. Confucian values have been pushed to the periphery because of a preoccupation in these countries to emulate corporate governance systems from the West. This article argues that Confucianism has much to offer in enhancing director conduct and corporate governance standards. As the attention of the global business community turns eastwards, it is opportune to revive interest in Confucianism and to explore ways (...)
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  • (1 other version)Corporate Governance in Asian Countries: Has Confucianism Anything to Offer?Lilian Miles & S. H. Goo - 2013 - Business and Society Review 118 (1):23-45.
    Although Confucianism is a resilient cultural tradition in Asian societies, its role in their corporate governance systems is ambiguous. Confucian values have been pushed to the periphery because of a preoccupation in these countries to emulate corporate governance systems from the West. This article argues that Confucianism has much to offer in enhancing director conduct and corporate governance standards. As the attention of the global business community turns eastwards, it is opportune to revive interest in Confucianism and to explore ways (...)
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