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  1. Self-control observed.Howard Rachlin - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (1):148-159.
    Complex cases of self-control involve processes such as guilt-avoidance, inhibition, self-punishment, conscious thought, free will, and imagination. Such processes, conceived as internal mediating mechanisms, serve the function in psychological theory of avoiding teleological causation. Acceptance of the scientific legitimacy of teleological behaviorism would obviate the need for internal mediation, redefine the above processes in terms of temporally extended patterns of overt behavior, and clarify their relation to selfcontrol.
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  • Why self-control is both difficult and difficult to explicate.David Premack & Ann James Premack - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (1):140-141.
    The present intractability of and near intractability of make self-control a difficult topic.
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  • What, If Anything, is the Philosophy of Political Science?Gianluca Pozzoni - 2021 - Philosophy of the Social Sciences 51 (3):289-311.
    Compared to other philosophies of special sciences, the scope, object, and definition of the philosophy of political science remain vague. This article traces this vagueness to the changing subject matter of political science throughout its history, but argues that all social sciences are subject to radical changes in what count as their defining characteristics. Accordingly, the only legitimate definition of “philosophy of political science” is “the philosophical study of whatever happens to conventionally fall within the scope of political science at (...)
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  • Reflecting on Gigerenzer’s critique of optimisation.Andrea Polonioli - 2013 - Mind and Society 12 (2):245-256.
    In a series of recent publications, Gigerenzer and his collaborators have attempted to derive new norms of rationality from their psychological research in the Centre for Adaptive Behaviour and Cognition (ABC). Specifically, they have claimed that there are good reasons to replace the norms traditionally used to assess rational behaviour, which rest on the ideal of optimisation. Their proposal has considerable importance, as it has been laid out as a revision of the normative framework accepted in the social, behavioural, and (...)
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  • The behavior of self-control.Joseph J. Plaud - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (1):139-140.
    Rachlin's view of self-control as a sequence or chain of behaviors is contrasted with traditional behavioral analyses of self-control which emphasize a simplistic interpretation of the hyperbolic function relating small-sooner (SS) and larger-later (LL) reinforcers to specific behaviors. The validity of Rachlin's teleological analysis is examined in relation to the acquisition and steady-state performance of self-control behaviors. Central to an analysis of self-control is the functional difference between behavior under the control of SS and LL reinforcers, because SS-reinforced behavior is (...)
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  • Functional explanation and virtual selection.Philip Pettit - 1996 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 47 (2):291-302.
    Invoking its social function can explain why we find a certain functional trait or institution only if we can identify a mechanism whereby the playing of the function connects with the explanandum. That is the main claim in the missing-mechanism critique of functionalism. Is it correct? Yes, if functional explanation is meant to make sense of the actual presence of the trait or institution. No, if it is meant to make sense of why the trait or institution is resilient: why (...)
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  • AIDS: The Ethical Dilemma for burgeons.Lynn M. Peterson - 1989 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 17 (2):139-144.
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  • The Paradox of Empathy.L. A. Paul - 2021 - Episteme 18 (3):347-366.
    A commitment to truth requires that you are open to receiving new evidence, even if that evidence contradicts your current beliefs. You should be open to changing your mind. However, this truism gives rise to the paradox of empathy. The paradox arises with the possibility of mental corruption through transformative change, and has consequences for how we should understand tolerance, disagreement, and the ability to have an open mind. I close with a discussion of how understanding this paradox provides a (...)
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  • Don't just sit there, optimise something.J. H. P. Paelinck - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (2):230-230.
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  • Thinking is a difficult habit to break.Geir Overskeid - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (1):138-139.
    Self-control is in the eye of the beholder. However, we speak of if a person has come to think conscious thoughts that change the motivational value of stimuli in the outside world. It is claimed that conscious thinking, and not habits bordering on compulsion, is behind self-control.
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  • Epistemic Injustice and Epistemic Trust.Gloria Origgi - 2012 - Social Epistemology 26 (2):221-235.
    Miranda Fricker has introduced the insightful notion of epistemic injustice in the philosophical debate, thus bridging concerns of social epistemology with questions that arise in the area of social and cultural studies. I concentrate my analysis of her treatment of testimonial injustice. According to Fricker, the central cases of testimonial injustice are cases of identity injustice in which hearers rely on stereotypes to assess the credibility of their interlocutors. I try here to broaden the analysis of that testimonial injustice by (...)
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  • Practical reason or metapreferences? an undogmatic defense of kantian morality.Julian Nida-Rümelin - 1991 - Theory and Decision 30 (2):133-162.
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  • Overcoming addiction through abstract patterns.Jesus Mosterin - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (1):137-138.
    You cannot overcome addiction or impulsiveness through abstract patterns alone. They show you the way to go, but do not fuel the effort. Some further variable is needed in the equation, some internal force or motivational mechanism, whatever its nature. Overlooking this leads to a neo-Socratic exaggeration of the role of cognition in selfcontrol.
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  • The infinite regress of optimization.Philippe Mongin - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (2):229-230.
    A comment on Paul Schoemaker's target article in Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 14 (1991), p. 205-215, "The Quest for Optimality: A Positive Heuristic of Science?" (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00066140). This comment argues that the optimizing model of decision leads to an infinite regress, once internal costs of decision (i.e., information and computation costs) are duly taken into account.
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  • Getting People into Work: What (if Anything) Can Justify Mandatory Activation of Welfare Recipients?Anders Molander & Gaute Torsvik - 2015 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 32 (4):373-392.
    So-called activation policies aiming at bringing jobless people into work have been a central component of welfare reforms across OECD countries during the last decades. Such policies combine restrictive and enabling programs, but their characteristic feature is that enabling programs are also mandatory, and non-compliers are sanctioned. There are four main arguments that can be used to defend mandatory activation of benefit recipients. We label them efficiency, sustainability, paternalism, and justice. Each argument is analysed in turn. First we clarify which (...)
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  • Two dynamic criteria for validating claims of optimality.Geoffrey F. Miller - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (2):228-229.
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  • Complexity and optimality.Dauglas A. Miller & Steven W. Zucker - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (2):227-228.
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  • Self–Interest Properly Felt: Democracy's Unintended Consequences and tocqueville's Solution.David Meskill - 2007 - Critical Review: A Journal of Politics and Society 19 (1):111-124.
    ABSTRACT The need to cooperate in countless ways in a democracy raises the fundamental question posed by the prisoner's dilemma: How can self‐interested individuals cooperate? Tocqueville recognized this problem and anticipated the most convincing solution to date: Robert Frank's conception of emotions as “commitment devices.” Tocqueville's analysis of the miscalculations of modern “individualism,” which lead people first into isolation and then into servitude, mirrors the failure of conscious rationality in the prisoner's dilemma. Conversely, Tocqueville emphasizes emotional “habits of the heart” (...)
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  • Conceptualizing Self-Control.Alfred Mele - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (1):136-137.
    A pair of arguments suggests that self-control is not properly conceptualized on the pattern/act/preference model Rachlin proposes. The first concerns the irrational following of personal rules. The second concerns scenarios in which behavioral patterns an agent deems good come into conflict.
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  • Moral Rules As Public Goods.Edward F. McClennen - 1999 - Business Ethics Quarterly 9 (1):103-126.
    Abstract:The kind of commitment to moral rules that characterizes effective interaction between persons in among others places, manufacturing and commercial settings is characteristically treated by economists and game theorists as a public good, the securing of which requires the expenditure of scarce resources on surveillance and enforcement mechanisms. Alternatively put, the view is that, characteristically, rational persons cannot voluntarily guide their choices by rules, but can only be goaded into acting in accordance with such rules by the fear of social (...)
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  • Straining the word “optimal”.James E. Mazur - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (2):227-227.
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  • The Place of Construction in Sociological Realism.Luca Martignani - 2016 - Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 46 (4):517-536.
    In the contemporary epistemological debate on social reality, characterized by the crisis of post-modern theories and the emergence of new forms of realism, are there any approaches not acknowledging some specific ontological character to the construction of social objects? The question is apparently rhetorical, but the implication of this problem are not obvious. In the sociological literature the opposition between reality and construction is not clearly defined. Sometimes it is considered a dichotomy, in other situations the synthesis of alternative theses (...)
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  • Is Constitutional Rigidity the Problem? Democratic Legitimacy and the Last Word.José Luis Martí - 2014 - Ratio Juris 27 (4):550-558.
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  • Book review. [REVIEW]Mark J. Machina - 1992 - Theory and Decision 33 (3):265-271.
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  • Against Ulysses contracts for patients with borderline personality disorder.Antoinette Lundahl, Gert Helgesson & Niklas Juth - 2020 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 23 (4):695-703.
    Patients with borderline personality disorder sometimes request to be admitted to hospital under compulsory care, often under the argument that they cannot trust their suicidal impulses if treated voluntarily. Thus, compulsory care is practised as a form of Ulysses contract in such situations. In this normative study we scrutinize the arguments commonly used in favour of such Ulysses contracts: the patient lacking free will, Ulysses contracts as self-paternalism, the patient lacking decision competence, Ulysses contracts as a defence of the authentic (...)
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  • A logic of intention and attempt.Emiliano Lorini & Andreas Herzig - 2008 - Synthese 163 (1):45 - 77.
    We present a modal logic called (logic of intention and attempt) in which we can reason about intention dynamics and intentional action execution. By exploiting the expressive power of , we provide a formal analysis of the relation between intention and action and highlight the pivotal role of attempt in action execution. Besides, we deal with the problems of instrumental reasoning and intention persistence.
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  • Form, function, and self-control.A. W. Logue - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (1):136-136.
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  • The example of psychology: Optimism, not optimality.Daniel S. Levine - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (2):225-226.
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  • Selfishness, altruism, and our future selves.Pierre Le Morvan - 2009 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 87 (3):409 – 424.
    In this article, I defend the thesis that selfishness and altruism can be intrapersonal . In doing so, I argue that the notions of intrapersonal altruism and selfishness usefully pick out behavioural patterns and have predictive value. I also argue that my thesis helps enrich our understanding of the prudential, and can subsume some interesting work in economic and psychological theory.
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  • Can teleological behaviorism account for the effects of instructions on self-control without invoking cognition?Kristi Lemm, Yuichi Shoda & Walter Mischel - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (1):135-135.
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  • La théorie générale des modes verbaux dans les grammaires philosophiques de l’époque classique.André Leclerc - 1988 - Philosophiques 15 (2):331-387.
    C'est dans leur théorie générale des modes verbaux que les grammairiens philosophes classiques ont essayé de rendre compte de ce que nous appelons aujourd'hui les « aspects illocutoires de la signification », et de formuler les principes d'une sémantique des énoncés non déclaratifs. Je voudrais montrer, dans cette étude, ce qui fait l'originalité de la position adoptée par les grammairiens philosophes dans le cadre de leur théorie « idéationnelle » du langage : tout en reconnaissant la nécessité de recourir à (...)
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  • Why optimality is not worth arguing about.Stephen E. G. Lea - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (2):225-225.
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  • Natural science, social science and optimality.Oleg Larichev - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (2):224-225.
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  • Principales tendances en méthodologie de la science économique.Maurice Lagueux - 1993 - Revue de Synthèse 114 (1):105-113.
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  • Analyse économique et principe de rationalité.Maurice Lagueux - 1993 - Revue de Synthèse 114 (1):9-31.
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  • Teleological behaviorism and the intentional scheme.Hugh Lacey - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (1):134-135.
    Teleological behaviorism, unlike Skinnerian behaviorism, recognizes that are needed to account adequately for human behavior, but it rejects the essential role in behavioral explanations of the subjective perspective of the agent. I argue that teleological behaviorism fails because of this rejection.
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  • Optimization-Based Explanations.Graciela Kuechle & Diego Rios - 2015 - Philosophy of the Social Sciences 45 (4-5):481-496.
    This article argues that evolutionary models based on selection validate, under appropriate conditions, the relevance of optimality as an explanatory mechanism in rational choice theory. The reason is that these frameworks share the mechanism that drives the results, namely, optimization, even if they situate it at different levels. The consequences of our argument are twofold. First, it resolves the tension between those predictions of rational choice theory that are accurate and the evidence showing that individuals seldom optimize. Second, it relativizes (...)
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  • The future of an illusion: Self and its control.Peter R. Killeen - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (1):133-134.
    Rachlin introduces a new theory before exhausting its predecessor. His earlier model of future-discounting may be developed by integrating over the duration of extended rewards and punishers. The difference in value of an event within a pattern over the event in isolation derives from the deprivation provided by the pattern; yet the pattern attracts because acute rewards are more potent than incremental deprivations.
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  • No Title available: Reviews.Gregory S. Kavka - 1994 - Economics and Philosophy 10 (2):333-338.
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  • Power and force: Rethinking Kojève, Arendt and Camus in the populist era.Maciej Kałuża - 2020 - Argument: Biannual Philosophical Journal 10 (1):41-55.
    In the presented essay, I would like to focus on the relationship between force and power. The idea that power, without resorting to forceful, even violent solutions, is less problematic, is both deceitful and dangerous. Once accepted, it can cause an oversight of violence‐free but possibly harmful forms of power. My focus in the article will be on the two reinterpretations of Master‐Slave dialectics, as presented by Alexandre Kojève and Albert Camus. This will be presented with reference to the position (...)
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  • Patterns, acts, and self-control: Rachlin's theory.Robert Kane - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (1):131-132.
    Regarding Rachlin's behavioral act/pattern theory of self-control, it is argued that some cases of self-control involve pattern/ pattern conflicts rather than merely act/pattern conflicts and that some patterns must be viewed as internal representational states of mind (plans) rather than merely as patterns of actual overt behavior.
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  • Conceptual problems in the act-versus-pattern analysis of self-control.Suresh Kanekar - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (1):132-133.
    The primary argument against Rachlin's act-versus-pattern analysis of self-control is that it is wrong to think of a temptation as a solitary act while the alternative is conceived of as an element of a pattern. Either both are solitary acts or both are members of patterns, however different the patterns may be in their complexity and abstractness.
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  • Free-Rider Problems in the Production of Collective Goods.Jean Hampton - 1987 - Economics and Philosophy 3 (2):245.
    There has been a persistent tendency to identify what is called “the freerider problem” in the production of collective goods with the prisoner's dilemma. However, in this article I want to challenge that identification by presenting an analysis of what are in fact a variety of collective action problems in the production of collective goods. My strategy is not to consult any intuitions about what the free-rider problem is; rather I will be looking at the problematic game-theoretic structures of various (...)
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  • Durkheimian Thoughts on In the Shadow of Justice.Joel Isaac - 2022 - Analyse & Kritik 44 (1):23-30.
    This paper uses Durkheim’s distinction between cause and function to explore the aims and implications of Forrester’s critique of liberal egalitarianism in In the Shadow of Justice. I suggest that there is an interesting tension in Forrester’s argument between the portrayal of Rawlsian justice theory as a vestigial institution—a ‘survival’—left over from 1950s liberalism, and its continuing presence in political theory as a doctrine that has a strong function in policing the bounds of permissible philosophical discourse on politics. I then (...)
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  • Imposing a Lifestyle: A New Argument for Antinatalism.Matti Häyry & Amanda Sukenick - 2024 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 33 (2):238-259.
    Antinatalism is an emerging philosophy and practice that challenges pronatalism, the prevailing philosophy and practice in reproductive matters. We explore justifications of antinatalism—the arguments from the quality of life, the risk of an intolerable life, the lack of consent, and the asymmetry of good and bad—and argue that none of them supports a concrete, understandable, and convincing moral case for not having children. We identify concentration on possible future individuals who may or may not come to be as the main (...)
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  • Types of optimality: Who is the steersman?Michael E. Hyland - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (2):223-224.
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  • Social heuristics that make us smarter.Susan Hurley - 2005 - Philosophical Psychology 18 (5):585 – 612.
    I argue that an ecologically distributed conception of instrumental rationality can and should be extended to a socially distributed conception of instrumental rationality in social environments. The argument proceeds by showing that the assumption of exogenously fixed units of activity cannot be justified; different units of activity are possible and some are better means to independently given ends than others, in various circumstances. An important social heuristic, the mirror heuristic, enables the flexible formation of units of activity in game theoretic (...)
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  • Paediatric xenotransplantation clinical trials and the right to withdraw.Daniel J. Hurst, Luz A. Padilla, Wendy Walters, James M. Hunter, David K. C. Cooper, Devin M. Eckhoff, David Cleveland & Wayne Paris - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (5):311-315.
    Clinical trials of xenotransplantation may begin early in the next decade, with kidneys from genetically modified pigs transplanted into adult humans. If successful, transplanting pig hearts into children with advanced heart failure may be the next step. Typically, clinical trials have a specified end date, and participants are aware of the amount of time they will be in the study. This is not so with XTx. The current ethical consensus is that XTx recipients must consent to lifelong monitoring. While this (...)
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  • My behavior made me do it: The uncaused cause of teleological behaviorism.Jordan Hughes & Patricia S. Churchland - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (1):130-131.
    Toward a neurobiologically grounded approach to explaining self-control we discuss the case of a patient with a bilateral lesion in frontal ventromedial cortex. Patients with such lesions display a marked deficit in social decision making. Compared with an account that examines the causal antecedents of self-control, Rachlin's behaviorist approach seems lacking in explanatory strength.
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  • Nudging and Participation: a Contractualist Approach to Behavioural Policy.Johann Jakob Häußermann - 2020 - Philosophy of Management 19 (1):45-68.
    As behavioural economics reveals, human decision-making deviates from neoclassical assumptions about human behaviour and people (often) fail to make the ‘right’ welfare-enhancing choice. The purpose of Sunstein and Thaler’s concept of ‘nudge’ is to improve individual welfare. To provide normative justification, they argue that the only relevant normative criterion is whether the individual is ‘better off as judged by themselves’, so that the direction in which people are to be nudged is defined by their own preferences. In light of behavioural (...)
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