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  1. Précis of Genes, Mind, and Culture.Charles J. Lumsden & Edward O. Wilson - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):1-7.
    Despite its importance, the linkage between genetic and cultural evolution has until now been little explored. An understanding of this linkage is needed to extend evolutionary theory so that it can deal for the first time with the phenomena of mind and human social history. We characterize the process of gene-culture coevolution, in which culture is shaped by biological imperatives while biological traits are simultaneously altered by genetic evolution in response to cultural history. A case is made from both theory (...)
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  • Précis of Vaulting Ambition: Sociobiology and the Quest for Human Nature.Philip Kitcher - 1987 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10 (1):61-71.
    The debate about the credentials of sociobiology has persisted because scholars have failed to distinguish the varieties of sociobiology and because too little attention has been paid to the details of the arguments that are supposed to support the provocative claims about human social behavior. I seek to remedy both deficiencies. After analysis of the relationships among different kinds of sociobiology and contemporary evolutionary theory, I attempt to show how some of the studies of the behavior of nonhuman animals meet (...)
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  • Neuropsychology vis-à-vis Skinner's behaviouristic psychology.Gerhard D. Wassermann - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):700-701.
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  • The phylogeny and ontogeny of behavior.B. F. Skinner - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):669-677.
    Responses are strengthened by consequences having to do with the survival of individuals and species. With respect to the provenance of behavior, we know more about ontogenic than phylogenic contingencies. The contingencies responsible for unlearned behavior acted long ago. This remoteness affects our scientific methods, both experimental and conceptual. Until we have identified he variables responsible for an event, we tend to invent causes. Explanatory entities such as “instincts,” “drives,” and “traits” still survive. Unable to show how organisms can behave (...)
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  • Selection by consequences.B. F. Skinner - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):477-481.
    Human behavior is the joint product of (i) contingencies of survival responsible for natural selection, and (ii) contingencies of reinforcement responsible for the repertoires of individuals, including (iii) the special contingencies maintained by an evolved social environment. Selection by consequences is a causal mode found only in living things, or in machines made by living things. It was first recognized in natural selection: Reproduction, a first consequence, led to the evolution of cells, organs, and organisms reproducing themselves under increasingly diverse (...)
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  • A common structure for concepts of individuals, stuffs, and real kinds: More Mama, more milk, and more mouse.Ruth Garrett Millikan - 1997 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21 (1):55-65.
    Concepts are highly theoretical entities. One cannot study them empirically without committing oneself to substantial preliminary assumptions. Among the competing theories of concepts and categorization developed by psychologists in the last thirty years, the implicit theoretical assumption that what falls under a concept is determined by description () has never been seriously challenged. I present a nondescriptionist theory of our most basic concepts, which include (1) stuffs (gold, milk), (2) real kinds (cat, chair), and (3) individuals (Mama, Bill Clinton, the (...)
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  • Scientific enquiry and natural kinds: from planets to mallards.P. D. Magnus - 2012 - New York, NY: Palgrave-Macmillan.
    Some scientific categories seem to correspond to genuine features of the world and are indispensable for successful science in some domain; in short, they are natural kinds. This book gives a general account of what it is to be a natural kind and puts the account to work illuminating numerous specific examples.
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  • Initial Conditions as Exogenous Factors in Spatial Explanation.Clint Ballinger - 2008 - Dissertation, University of Cambridge
    This dissertation shows how initial conditions play a special role in the explanation of contingent and irregular outcomes, including, in the form of geographic context, the special case of uneven development in the social sciences. The dissertation develops a general theory of this role, recognizes its empirical limitations in the social sciences, and considers how it might be applied to the question of uneven development. The primary purpose of the dissertation is to identify and correct theoretical problems in the study (...)
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  • On Knowing the Meaning; With a Coda on Swampman.Ruth G. Millikan - 2010 - Mind 119 (473):43-81.
    I give an analysis of how empirical terms do their work in communication and the gathering of knowledge that is fully externalist and that covers the full range of empirical terms. It rests on claims about ontology. A result is that armchair analysis fails as a tool for examining meanings of ‘basic’ empirical terms because their meanings are not determined by common methods or criteria of application passed from old to new users, by conventionally determined ‘intensions’. Nor do methods of (...)
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  • Intentional systems in cognitive ethology: The 'panglossian paradigm' defended.Daniel C. Dennett - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (3):343-90.
    Ethologists and others studying animal behavior in a spirit are in need of a descriptive language and method that are neither anachronistically bound by behaviorist scruples nor prematurely committed to particular Just such an interim descriptive method can be found in intentional system theory. The use of intentional system theory is illustrated with the case of the apparently communicative behavior of vervet monkeys. A way of using the theory to generate data - including usable, testable data - is sketched. The (...)
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  • “Intelligence” as description and as explanation.P. A. Russell - 1990 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13 (1):86-86.
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  • Of cockroaches as kings.Robert J. Sternberg - 1990 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13 (1):91-91.
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  • Collaboration between biology and the social sciences: A milestone.Joseph Shepher - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):25-26.
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  • From genes to mind to culture: Biting the bullet at last.David P. Barash - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):7-8.
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  • Steps toward an ethological science.Mark S. Seidenberg - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (3):377-377.
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  • Is evolution of behavior operant conditioning writ large?Anatol Rapoport - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):696-696.
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  • The individuality thesis, essences, and laws of nature.Michael T. Ghiselin - 1988 - Biology and Philosophy 3 (4):467-474.
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  • Species concepts and the ontology of evolution.Joel Cracraft - 1987 - Biology and Philosophy 2 (3):329-346.
    Biologists and philosophers have long recognized the importance of species, yet species concepts serve two masters, evolutionary theory on the one hand and taxonomy on the other. Much of present-day evolutionary and systematic biology has confounded these two roles primarily through use of the biological species concept. Theories require entities that are real, discrete, irreducible, and comparable. Within the neo-Darwinian synthesis, however, biological species have been treated as real or subjectively delimited entities, discrete or nondiscrete, and they are often capable (...)
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  • Ecological laws of perceiving and acting: In reply to Fodor and Pylyshyn.Michael T. Turvey, R. E. Shaw, Edward S. Reed & William M. Mace - 1981 - Cognition 9 (3):237-304.
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  • The Native Mind: Biological Categorization and Reasoning in Development and Across Cultures.Douglas L. Medin & Scott Atran - 2004 - Psychological Review 111 (4):960-983.
    . This paper describes a cross-cultural and developmental research project on naïve or folk biology, that is, the study of how people conceptualize nature. The combination of domain specificity and cross-cultural comparison brings a new perspective to theories of categorization and reasoning and undermines the tendency to focus on “standard populations.” From the standpoint of mainstream cognitive psychology, we find that results gathered from standard populations in industrialized societies often fail to generalize to humanity at large. For example, similarity-driven typicality (...)
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  • (1 other version)Biological Species: Natural Kinds, Individuals, or What?Ruse Michael - 1987 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 38 (2):225-242.
    What are biological species? Aristotelians and Lockeans agree that they are natural kinds; but, evolutionary theory shows that neither traditional philosophical approach is truly adequate. Recently, Michael Ghiselin and David Hull have argued that species are individuals. This claim is shown to be against the spirit of much modern biology. It is concluded that species are natural kinds of a sort, and that any 'objectivity' they possess comes from their being at the focus of a consilience of inductions.
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  • Misplaced predicates and misconstrued intelligence.Stanley N. Salthe - 1990 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13 (1):86-87.
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  • Teaching an old dog new tricks.Daniel C. Dennett - 1990 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13 (1):76-77.
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  • From genes to culture: The missing links.Joseph K. Kovach - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):15-17.
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  • Toward a natural science of human culture.Roger D. Masters - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):19-20.
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  • Mind and the linkage between genes and culture.John Maynard Smith - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):20-21.
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  • Genes for general intellect rather than particular culture.Howard E. Gruber - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):11-12.
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  • Content and consciousness versus the International stance.Alexander Rosenberg - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (3):375-376.
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  • Denoting and demoting international systems.George Graham - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (3):363-364.
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  • Adaptationism was always predictive and needed no defense.Richard Dawkins - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (3):360-361.
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  • Of false dichotomies and larger frames.Jerome H. Barkow - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):680-681.
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  • Skinner's blind eye.H. J. Eysenck - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):686-687.
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  • Replicators, consequences, and displacement activities.Richard Dawkins - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):486-487.
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  • Is the Pope a catholic?Michael T. Ghiselin - 2007 - Biology and Philosophy 22 (2):283-291.
    The whole-part relationship is generally considered transitive, but there are some apparent exceptions. Componential sortals create some apparent problems. Homo sapiens, the Pope, and his heart are all individuals. A human being, such as the Pope, is an organism-level component of Homo sapiens. The Pope’s heart is an organ-level component of both Homo sapiens and the Pope. Although the Pope is a part, and not an instance, of the Roman Catholic Church, it seems odd to say that his heart is (...)
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  • (1 other version)Systematics and the Darwinian revolution.Kevin de Queiroz - 1988 - Philosophy of Science 55 (2):238-259.
    Taxonomies of living things and the methods used to produce them changed little with the institutionalization of evolutionary thinking in biology. Instead, the relationships expressed in existing taxonomies were merely reinterpreted as the result of evolution, and evolutionary concepts were developed to justify existing methods. I argue that the delay of the Darwinian Revolution in biological taxonomy has resulted partly from a failure to distinguish between two fundamentally different ways of ordering identified by Griffiths : classification and systematization. Classification consists (...)
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  • Why would we ever doubt that species are intelligent?Nicholas S. Thompson - 1990 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13 (1):94-94.
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  • Similarities and dissimilarities between adaptation and learning.Mark H. Johnson - 1990 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13 (1):79-80.
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  • Genes and culture, protest and communication.Charles J. Lumsden & Edward O. Wilson - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):31-37.
    Despite its importance, the linkage between genetic and cultural evolution has until now been little explored. An understanding of this linkage is needed to extend evolutionary theory so that it can deal for the first time with the phenomena of mind and human social history. We characterize the process of gene-culture coevolution, in which culture is shaped by biological imperatives while biological traits are simultaneously altered by genetic evolution in response to cultural history. A case is made from both theory (...)
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  • Leapfrog over the brain.Patricia Smith Churchland - 1987 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10 (1):73-74.
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  • Bridging the sociobiological gap.Nils C. Stenseth - 1987 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10 (1):88-89.
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  • Dennett's rational animals: And how behavorism overlooked them.Ruth Garrett Millikan - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (3):372-373.
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  • Consequence contingencies and provenance partitions.Juan D. Delius - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):685-685.
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  • Difficulties with phylogenetic and ontogenetic concepts.Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):685-686.
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  • B. F. Skinner versus Dr. Pangloss.Michael T. Ghiselin - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):687-688.
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  • Ontogenetic or phylogenetic – another afterpain of the fallacious Cartesian dichotomy.Gerard P. Baerends - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):679-680.
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  • Perspectives by consequences.Duane M. Rumbaugh - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):496-497.
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  • Some consequences of selection.B. F. Skinner - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):502-510.
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  • Behaviorism and natural selection.C. B. G. Campbell - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):484-484.
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  • (1 other version)What Is a Species? A Contribution to the Never Ending Species Debate in Biology.Martin Mahner - 1993 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 24 (1):103 - 126.
    The continuing discussion of the species problem suffers from the lack of a coherent ontological theory as a basis for determining whether species have an ontological status. It has attempted to apply a full-fledged metaphysical theory to the species problem: the ontology of Mario Bunge. In doing so a few ontological fundamentals including system, individual, real and conceptual object, and law are briefly introduced. It is with the help of these fundamentals that an analysis of the species-as-individuals thesis is carried (...)
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  • Thinking about biology. Modular constraints on categorization and reasoning in the everyday life of Americans, Maya, and scientists.Scott Atran, Douglas I. Medin & Norbert Ross - 2002 - Mind and Society 3 (2):31-63.
    This essay explores the universal cognitive bases of biological taxonomy and taxonomic inference using cross-cultural experimental work with urbanized Americans and forest-dwelling Maya Indians. A universal, essentialist appreciation of generic species appears as the causal foundation for the taxonomic arrangement of biodiversity, and for inference about the distribution of causally-related properties that underlie biodiversity. Universal folkbiological taxonomy is domain-specific: its structure does not spontaneously or invariably arise in other cognitive domains, like substances, artifacts or persons. It is plausibly an innately-determined (...)
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