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  1. Two analogy strategies: the cases of mind metaphors and introspection.Eugen Fischer - 2018 - Connection Science 30 (2):211-243.
    Analogical reasoning is often employed in problem-solving and metaphor interpretation. This paper submits that, as a default, analogical reasoning addressing these different tasks employs different mapping strategies: In problem-solving, it employs analogy-maximising strategies (like structure mapping, Gentner & Markman 1997); in metaphor interpretation, analogy-minimising strategies (like ATT-Meta, Barnden 2015). The two strategies interact in analogical reasoning with conceptual metaphors. This interaction leads to predictable fallacies. The paper supports these hypotheses through case-studies on ‘mind’-metaphors from ordinary discourse, and abstract problem-solving in (...)
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  • The Interplay of Syntactic and Lexical Salience and its Effect on Default Figurative Responses.Maria Kiose - 2020 - Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 61 (1):69-88.
    The aim of the paper is to determine how salient and non-salient figurative discourse nouns affect readers’ default response processing and oculo-graphic (eye-movement) reactions. Whereas the theories of the Graded Salience and the Defaultness Hypotheses, developed by R. Giora (Giora, 1999, 2003; Giora, Givoni, & Fein, 2015), have stimulated further research in the area of interpretive salience (Giora et al., 2015; Giora, Jaffe, Becker & Fein, 2018), the resonating influence of syntactic salience on default interpretations has been largely neglected. In (...)
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  • About as boring as flossing sharks: Cognitive accounts of irony and the family of approximate comparison constructions in American English.Claudia Lehmann - 2021 - Cognitive Linguistics 32 (1):133-158.
    This paper reports a case study on a family of American English constructions that will be called the family of approximate comparison constructions. This family has three members, all of which follow the syntactic pattern about as X as Y with X being an adjective, but which allow three related functions: literal comparison, simile and irony. Two cognitive frameworks concern themselves with irony, the cognitive modelling approach and viewpoint approach, and the paper will show that, while the ironic approximate comparison (...)
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  • S/he is not the Most Sparkling Drink in the Pub Global Vs. Local Cue – Which Reigns Supreme?Rachel Giora & Israela Becker - 2019 - Metaphor and Symbol 34 (3):141-157.
    ABSTRACTWithin the framework of the Defaultness Hypothesis, automatic responses to “fully abstract phrasal patterns,” involving strong attenuation of highly positive concepts, are sarcastic. Such g...
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  • Whether Verbal or Visual, Affirmative or Negative, Tautologies are Not Tautologies.Rachel Giora, Ofer Fein & Vered Heruti - 2020 - Metaphor and Symbol 35 (2):97-121.
    In this paper we test the hypothesis that tautologies are actually not tautologies. Indeed, when exploring natural language use, it seems that, having...
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  • “World-beating” Pandemic Responses: Ironical, Sarcastic, and Satirical Use of War and Competition Metaphors in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic.Andreas Musolff - 2022 - Metaphor and Symbol 37 (2):76-87.
    The COVID-19 pandemic tempted some governments to promise to wage “war” against it and implement “world-beating” control mechanisms. In view of their limited success, such claims soon came in for m...
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  • The role of defaultness and personality factors in sarcasm interpretation: Evidence from eye-tracking during reading.Ruth Filik, Hannah Howman, Christina Ralph-Nearman & Rachel Giora - 2018 - Metaphor and Symbol 33 (3):148-162.
    Theorists have debated whether our ability to understand sarcasm (pertaining here to verbal irony) is principally determined by the context or by properties of the comment itself. The current research investigated an alternative view that broadens the focus on the comment itself, suggesting that mitigating a highly positive concept by using negation generates sarcastic interpretations by default. In the current study, pretests performed on the target utterances presented in isolation established their default interpretations; novel affirmative phrases (e.g., He is the (...)
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