Construction of rural roads started to expand in Nepal since the 1980s and is still an ongoing process, however environmental considerations have been considered since the mid 1990s. Adoption of environmental safeguards in development projects have been an important aspect of project cycle although there is lot more to do at the field level. In this study, three different ongoing projects in different regions of Nepal have been accessed at the field level and mitigation measures were examined in order to (...) study the effectiveness of those measures. This study reviews a lot of mitigation measures that have been proposed and each of them were implemented at the field level. A successful implementation of mitigation measures was found but it still recommends that there is still a lot more room for improvement. (shrink)

In humanitarian actions, people respond to crisis and disaster situations in which victims are unable to recover on their own and in which their vulnerability puts them at further risk. Individuals involved in humanitarian work are driven by strong motivation which source can be identified using an ethics-based approach. Moral motivation is the basis for the commitment to the moral course of the human agent’s action. Humanitarian ethics shows us it is important to renew the discussion on the role of (...) moral motivation in ethical decision-making. Some of the moral sources of motivation will be critically examined in this study—namely, the partiality, the popularity of ethics, the value declaration, and moral motivation based on moral obligation. (shrink)