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Logic and Conversation

In Maite Ezcurdia & Robert J. Stainton (eds.), The Semantics-Pragmatics Boundary in Philosophy. Peterborough, CA: Broadview Press. pp. 47 (2013)

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  1. Grice without the Cooperative Principle.Fred J. Kauffeld - unknown
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  • Mutual reconstruction of arguments in dialogue.Niels Moeller Nielsen - unknown
    Analyzing argumentative discourse is not a an activity exclusively reserved for scholars in argumentation theory, rhetoric, and philosophy of language. This paper proposes that the faculty of analyzing argument structure is a basic precondition of und erstanding one another in argumentational interactions. Based on an examination of televised debates, it is demonstrated how participants employ quasi-logical schemata to reconstruct implicit elements in other participants's argument structures for purpo ses of clarification and criticism. This very descriptive approach entrusts, as it were, (...)
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  • The dialectic of ambiguity : a contribution to the study of argumentation.Jan Albert van Laar - unknown
    The three research questions of this study have been: what exactly is active ambiguity?; how should we assess active ambiguities in an argumentative discussion?; what does an adequate dialectical account of active ambiguity look like? These three questions have been answered by giving a definition of active ambiguity, and by elaborating on the properties of active ambiguity. Based on the survey of possible consequences of active ambiguities, and based on the basic division of labour in a persuasion dialogue, we arrived (...)
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  • The Liar and Theories of Truth.John Hawthorn - 1983 - Dissertation, Mcgill University (Canada)
    I first discuss Chihara's claim that the presence of Liar-paradoxical sentences presents no problem for our understanding of natural languages, and argue that this cannot be held as easily as he suggests. I then consider the theories advanced by Martin, van Fraassen, Kripke and Burge which attempt to meet some of the problems involved. I argue that the claim in the first two theories that Liar sentences are ill-formed cannot be maintained, and that Burge's theory is methodologically unsound and seriously (...)
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  • Measures of Awareness and of Sequence Knowledge.Sean Day - 1995 - PSYCHE: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Research On Consciousness 2.
    Jackson and Jackson argue that most current tests used to assess awareness of sequential material are flawed because of their emphasis on accuracy. They propose to distinguish two forms of sequence knowledge: Serial knowledge, that is, knowledge about the specific sequence that stimuli follow, which involves information about the statistical relationship between many sequence elements, and statistical knowledge, or knowledge about the probability of different transitions between adjacent sequence elements. Further, they suggest a new method to analyze generation performance, which (...)
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  • Advisory editorial board.[author unknown] - 1997 - Asian Philosophy 7 (2):1-1.
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  • Concepts and Communication: Comments on Words and Images. An Essay on the Origin of Ideas.A. Wikforss - 2015 - Analysis 75 (1):110-121.
    At the center of Gauker's book stands two inter-connected theses: First, that concepts are dependent on language; second, that this requires rejecting the traditional idea that linguistic communication involves a transmission of thoughts. I argue that we cannot afford to reject the traditional conception of communication and that Gauker's alternative ‘cooperative' conception is unsatisfactory. However, I also argue that Gauker is wrong to suggest that the language dependency thesis of concepts is incompatible with the traditional view of communication.
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  • Interface of Linguistic and Visual Information During Audience Design.Kumiko Fukumura - 2015 - Cognitive Science 39 (6):1419-1433.
    Evidence suggests that speakers can take account of the addressee's needs when referring. However, what representations drive the speaker's audience design has been less clear. This study aims to go beyond previous studies by investigating the interplay between the visual and linguistic context during audience design. Speakers repeated subordinate descriptions given in the prior linguistic context less and used basic-level descriptions more when the addressee did not hear the linguistic context than when s/he did. But crucially, this effect happened only (...)
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  • La falacia intencional: Del New Criticism a la lingüística neurocognitiva.José María Gil - 2014 - Logos: Revista de Lingüística, Filosofía y Literatura 24 (2):81-100.
    Los juegos de palabras no buscados, los actos fallidos, los erroresconceptuales, evocan significados que son independientes de la intención del hablante. Pero las teorías filosóficas y lingüísticas dedicadasal estudio de la comunicación y los procesos cognitivos se dedican exclusiva ofundamentalmente al significado intencional. Espero mostrar aquí que la “falacia intencional” de Wimsatt y Beardsley , que establecía que la intención delautor no determina la interpretación, es una buena base para empezar a sugerir que los significados no intencionales también son importantes (...)
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  • The Empirical Case against Infallibilism.T. Parent - 2016 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 7 (1):223-242.
    Philosophers and psychologists generally hold that, in light of the empirical data, a subject lacks infallible access to her own mental states. However, while subjects certainly are fallible in some ways, I show that the data fails to discredit that a subject has infallible access to her own occurrent thoughts and judgments. This is argued, first, by revisiting the empirical studies, and carefully scrutinizing what is shown exactly. Second, I argue that if the data were interpreted to rule out all (...)
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  • Maps and Absent Symbols.Ben Bronner - 2015 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 93 (1):43-59.
    ABSENCE is the claim that, if a symbol appears on a map, then absence of the symbol from some map coordinate signifies absence of the corresponding property from the corresponding location. This claim is highly intuitive and widely endorsed. And if it is true, then cartographic representation is strikingly different from linguistic representation. I argue, however, that ABSENCE is false of various maps and that we have no reason to believe it is true of any maps. The intuition to the (...)
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  • Markers of Topical Discourse in Child‐Directed Speech.Hannah Rohde & Michael C. Frank - 2014 - Cognitive Science 38 (8):1634-1661.
    Although the language we encounter is typically embedded in rich discourse contexts, many existing models of processing focus largely on phenomena that occur sentence-internally. Similarly, most work on children's language learning does not consider how information can accumulate as a discourse progresses. Research in pragmatics, however, points to ways in which each subsequent utterance provides new opportunities for listeners to infer speaker meaning. Such inferences allow the listener to build up a representation of the speakers' intended topic and more generally (...)
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  • Legitimizing assertions and the logico-rhetorical module: Evidence and epistemic vigilance in media discourse on immigration.Christopher Hart - 2011 - Discourse Studies 13 (6):751-769.
    Critical Discourse Analysis has recently begun to consider the implications of research in Evolutionary Psychology for political communication. At least three positions have been taken: i) that this research requires Critical Discourse Analysis to re-examine and defend some of its foundational assumptions ; ii) that this research provides a useful explanatory framework for Critical Discourse Analysis in which questions can be addressed as to why speakers might pursue particular discursive strategies and why they might be so persuasive ; and iii) (...)
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  • Evolution of Conventional Meaning and Conversational Principles.Van Rooy Robert - 2004 - Synthese 139 (2):331-366.
    In this paper we study language use and language organisation by making use of Lewisean signalling games. Standard game theoretical approaches are contrasted with evolutionary ones to analyze conventional meaning and conversational interpretation strategies. It is argued that analyzing successful communication in terms of standard game theory requires agents to be very rational and fully informed. The main goal of the paper is to show that in terms of evolutionary game theory we can motivate the emergence and self-sustaining force of (...)
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  • Trust and argumentation in multi-agent systems.Andrew Koster - 2014 - Argument and Computation 5 (2-3):123-138.
    This survey is the first to review the combination of computational trust and argumentation. The combination of the two approaches seems like a natural match, with the two areas tackling different aspects of reasoning in an uncertain, social environment. We discuss the different areas of research and describe the approaches taken so far, analysing both how they address the problems and the challenges that are unaddressed.
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  • Jean Paul Van Bendegem.or How Do Mathematicians Talk - 1982 - Philosophica 29 (1):97-118.
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  • Learning Language.Ruth Garrett Millikan - unknown
    Many students of pragmatics and child language have come to believe that in order to learn a language a child must first have a 'theory of mind,' a grasp that speakers mentally represent the content they would convey when they speak. This view is reinforced by the Gricean theory of communication, according to which speakers intend their words to cause hearers to believe or to do certain things and hearers must recognize these intentions if they are to comply. The view (...)
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  • Humour, Jokes and the Statement.Sukanta Acharya - 2006 - Journal of Human Values 12 (2):179-193.
    In standard theories of knowledge, issues like jokes, humour and laughter are not dealt with for the simple reason that these categories do not inhabit the world of true knowledge, and are hence not worthy of serious attention or study because these issues do not by their nature contribute to further generation of true knowledge. Taking a cue from Sigmund Freud, this article seeks to work on the possibilities of jokes, humour and even laughter, and their relation to the language (...)
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  • Context, syntactic priming, and referential form in an interactive dialogue task: implications for models of alignment.Kathleen M. Carbary, Ellen E. Frohning & Michael K. Tanenhaus - 2010 - In S. Ohlsson & R. Catrambone (eds.), Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society. pp. 109--114.
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  • The interpretation of null and overt pronouns in Japanese: Grammatical and pragmatic factors.Mieko Ueno & Andrew Kehler - 2010 - In S. Ohlsson & R. Catrambone (eds.), Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society. pp. 2057--2062.
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  • The modifier effect: Default inheritance in complex noun phrases.James A. Hampton, M. C. Jönsson & Alessia Passanisi - 2009 - In N. A. Taatgen & H. van Rijn (eds.), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. pp. 303--308.
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  • Ways of explaining properties.Daniel Heussen & James A. Hampton - 2008 - In B. C. Love, K. McRae & V. M. Sloutsky (eds.), Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society. pp. 143--148.
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  • Accounting for transformations in the dialectical reconstruction of argumentative discourse.M. Agnès van Rees - 1996 - In Johan van Benthem (ed.), Logic and argumentation. New York: North-Holland. pp. 89.
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  • Dimensions of embodied communication—towards a typology of embodied communication.Jens Allvvood - 2008 - In Ipke Wachsmuth, Manuela Lenzen & Günther Knoblich (eds.), Embodied Communication in Humans and Machines. Oxford University Press. pp. 257.
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  • On Making a Virtue Out of Telling Lies.Michael J. Chandler & Jamie Afifi - 1996 - Social Research: An International Quarterly 63 (3).
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  • Would you follow your own route description? Cognitive strategies in urban route planning.Christoph Hölscher, Thora Tenbrink & Jan M. Wiener - 2011 - Cognition 121 (2):228-247.
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  • The conjunction fallacy and the many meanings of and.Ralph Hertwig, Björn Benz & Stefan Krauss - 2008 - Cognition 108 (3):740-753.
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  • Immediate effects of form-class constraints on spoken word recognition.James S. Magnuson, Michael K. Tanenhaus & Richard N. Aslin - 2008 - Cognition 108 (3):866-873.
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  • The influence of contextual contrast on syntactic processing: evidence for strong-interaction in sentence comprehension.Daniel Grodner, Edward Gibson & Duane Watson - 2005 - Cognition 95 (3):275-296.
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  • Referential continuity and the coherence of discourse.Alan Garnham, Jane Oakhill & P. N. Johnson-Laird - 1982 - Cognition 11 (1):29-46.
    Two experiments were carried out to investigate the role of referential continuity in understanding discourse. In experiment 1, a group of university students listened to stories and descriptive passages presented in three different versions: the original passages, versions in which the sentences occured in a random order, and randomised versions in which referential continuity had been restored primarily by replacing pronouns and other terms with fuller and more appropriate noun phrases. The original stories were remembered better, and rated as more (...)
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  • Human rationality: Misleading linguistic analogies.Geoffrey Sampson - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (3):350-351.
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  • Anger communication in deaf children.Carolien Rieffe & Mark Meerum Terwogt - 2006 - Cognition and Emotion 20 (8):1261-1273.
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  • Protolanguage reconstructed.Andrew Dm Smith - 2008 - Interaction Studies 9 (1):100-116.
    One important difference between existing accounts of protolanguage lies in their assumptions on the semantic complexity of protolinguistic utterances. I bring evidence about the nature of linguistic communication to bear on the plausibility of these assumptions, and show that communication is fundamentally inferential and characterised by semantic uncertainty. This not only allows individuals to maintain variation in linguistic representation, but also imposes a selection pressure that meanings be reconstructible from context. I argue that protolanguage utterances had varying degrees of semantic (...)
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  • The community interpreter: A question of role.Bente Jacobsen - 2009 - Hermes: Journal of Language and Communication Studies 42:155-166.
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  • A model of conversational positioning in collaborative design dialogues.Béatrice Cahour & Lyn Pemberton - 2001 - AI and Society 15 (4):344-358.
    This paper presents findings from a linguistic and psycho-social analysis of nine design dialogues which sets out to investigate the interweaving of transactional and interpersonal threads in collaborative work. We sketch a model of the participants' positioning towards their own or their partner's design proposals, from association to dissociation towards the proposals, together with the conversational cues which indicate this positioning. Our aim is to integrate the role of interpersonal relationships into the study of co-operation, to stress the importance of (...)
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  • Exploring the cognitive infrastructure of communication.Jan Peter de Ruiter, Matthijs L. Noordzij, Sarah Newman-Norlund, Roger Newman-Norlund, Peter Hagoort, Stephen C. Levinson & Ivan Toni - 2010 - Interaction Studies 11 (1):51-77.
    Human communication is often thought about in terms of transmitted messages in a conventional code like a language. But communication requires a specialized interactive intelligence. Senders have to be able to perform recipient design, while receivers need to be able to do intention recognition, knowing that recipient design has taken place. To study this interactive intelligence in the lab, we developed a new task that taps directly into the underlying abilities to communicate in the absence of a conventional code. We (...)
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  • Pravdivost vs. tvrditelnost.Vít Punčochář - 2013 - Organon F: Medzinárodný Časopis Pre Analytickú Filozofiu 20 (1):122-143.
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  • Anchoring Heuristic.Marko Bokulić & Darko Polšek - 2010 - Prolegomena 9 (1):71-95.
    The article is a summary of recent experimental data on anchoring heuristic and models that seek to explain it. Anchoring heuristic represents one of the mechanisms of decision making in situations of limited information or time, by using a comparison standard called – an anchor. Given the supposed wide usage of this heuristic, authors explore the unconscious character of the heuristic and ways of making its biasing effects less prominent. Apart from the standard experimental design in which anchor is directly (...)
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  • Heuristika sidrenja.Marko Bokulić & Darko Polšek - 2010 - Prolegomena 9 (1):71-95.
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  • Problems of paraphrase: Bottom’s dream.David Hills - 2007 - The Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication 3.
    Philosophers and critics alike often contend that metaphors cannot or should not be paraphrased, ever. Yet a simple and decisive empirical argument — The Horse’s Mouth Argument—suffices to show that many metaphors can be paraphrased without violating the spirit in which they were put forward in the first place. This argument leaves us with urgent unanswered questions about the role of paraphrase in a more inclusive division of exegetical labor, about the tension between its notorious openendedness and its claim to (...)
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  • The referential-attributive distinction: A cognitive account.George Powell - 2001 - Pragmatics and Cognition 9 (1):69-98.
    In this paper my aim is to approach the referential¿attributive distinction in the interpretation of definite descriptions, originally discussed by Donnellan (1966), from a cognitive perspective grounded in Sperber and Wilson¿s Relevance Theory (Sperber and Wilson 1986/95). In particular, I argue that definite descriptions encode a procedural semantics, in the sense of Blakemore (1987), which is neutral as between referential and attributive readings (among others). On this account, the distinction between referential and attributive readings arises as a result of the (...)
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  • Presuppositions of quantified sentences: experimental data. [REVIEW]Emmanuel Chemla - 2009 - Natural Language Semantics 17 (4):299-340.
    Some theories assume that sentences like (i) with a presupposition trigger in the scope of a quantifier carry an existential presupposition, as in (ii); others assume that they carry a universal presupposition, as in (iii). No student knows that he is lucky. Existential presupposition: At least one student is lucky.Universal presupposition: Every student is lucky. This work is an experimental investigation of this issue in French. Native speakers were recruited to evaluate the robustness of the inference from (i) to (iii). (...)
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  • Informal Logic and the Surprise Exam.Daniel H. Cohen - 2002 - Informal Logic 22 (2).
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  • Priest's Beyond the Limits of Thought.Dale Jacquette - 1999 - Informal Logic 19 (2).
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  • Epstein's The Semantic Foundations of Logic vol. I, Propositional Logics vol. II, Predicate Logic.Douglas Walton - 1999 - Informal Logic 19 (2).
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  • Beyond Peirce: The New Science of Semiotics and the Semiotics of Law. [REVIEW]Charls Pearson - 2008 - International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue Internationale de Sémiotique Juridique 21 (3):247-296.
    This paper shows how Peirce's semeiotic could be turned into a powerful science. The New Science of Semiotics provides not only a new paradigm and an empirical justification for all these applications, but also a rational and systematic procedure for carrying them out as well. Thus the New Science of Semiotics transforms the philosophy of law into the science of legal scholarship, the discipline that I call jurisology.
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  • On the Contrary: Inferential Analysis and Ontological Assumptions of the A Contrario Argument.Damiano Canale & Giovanni Tuzet - 2008 - Informal Logic 28 (1):31-43.
    We remark that the A Contrario Argument is an ambiguous technique of justification of judicial decisions. We distinguish two uses and versions of it, strong and weak, taking as example the normative sentence “Underprivileged citizens are permitted to apply for State benefit”. According to the strong version, only underprivileged citizens are permitted to apply for State benefit, so stateless persons are not. According to the weak, the law does not regulate the position of underprivileged stateless persons in this respect. We (...)
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  • The Cogent Reasoning Model of Informal Fallacies Revisited.Daniel N. Boone - 2002 - Informal Logic 22 (2).
    The author designed the Reasoning Analysis Test to provide empirical support for the CRM analysis of informal fallacies. While informal, the results provide presumptive evidence that those committing informal fallacies may tacitly reason as predicted by CRM. Davis has argued persuasively that Gricean theory has not lived up to expectations, In light of his critique, the CRM analyses of Begging the Question and Equivocation are amended. Johnson has provided standards for judging any theory of informal fallacies. It is argued that (...)
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  • Johnstone's View of Rhetorical and Dialectical Argument.Douglas Walton - 2001 - Informal Logic 21 (1).
    In the writings of Henry W. Johnstone, Jr. there can be found an evolving and gradually more sophisticated discussion of the relationship between rhetorical and dialectical argument. Johnstone's view on these matters was highly original, and at odds with the prevailing logical empiricism of the time, much like Toulmin's views on argumentation in The Uses of Argument (1958). In view of the rising importance of the issue of the relationship between rhetoric and informal logic, Johnstone's analysis of the argumentum ad (...)
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  • New Dialectical Rules For Ambiguity.Douglas Walton - 2000 - Informal Logic 20 (3).
    A set often rules is proposed for dealing with problems of ambiguity when interpreting a text of argumentative discourse. The rules are based on Grice's pragmatic rules for a collaborative conversation and on principles and maxims used to deal with ambiguity in interpreting legal and religious writings. The rules are meant to be applied to a given argument used in a given case, and to resolve (or at least deal with) an ambiguity in the argument (or affecting the argument) by (...)
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