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  1. Ethical Risks of Systematic Menstrual Tracking in Sport.Olivia R. Howe - forthcoming - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry:1-15.
    In this article it will be concluded that systematic menstrual tracking in women’s sport has the potential to cause harm to athletes. Since the ruling of Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization (2022) in the United States, concerns regarding menstrual health tracking have arisen. Research suggests that the menstrual tracking of female athletes presents potential risks to “women’s autonomy, privacy, and safety in sport” (Casto 2022, 1725). At present, the repercussions of systematic menstrual tracking are particularly under-scrutinized, and this paper (...)
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  • Personal health monitoring in the armed forces – scouting the ethical dimension.Dave Bovens, Eva van Baarle & Bert Molewijk - 2023 - BMC Medical Ethics 24 (1):1-13.
    Background The field of personal health monitoring (PHM) develops rapidly in different contexts, including the armed forces. Understanding the ethical dimension of this type of monitoring is key to a morally responsible development, implementation and usage of PHM within the armed forces. Research on the ethics of PHM has primarily been carried out in civilian settings, while the ethical dimension of PHM in the armed forces remains understudied. Yet, PHM of military personnel by design takes place in a different setting (...)
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  • Alienation in a World of Data. Toward a Materialist Interpretation of Digital Information Technologies.Michael Steinmann - 2022 - Philosophy and Technology 35 (4):1-24.
    The essay proposes to use alienation as a heuristic and conceptual tool for the analysis of the impact of digital information and communication technologies (ICTs) on users. It follows a historical materialist understanding, according to which data can be considered as things produced in an industrial fashion. A representational interpretation, according to which data would merely reflect a given reality, is untenable. It will be argued instead to understand data as an additional layer which has a transformative impact on reality (...)
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  • Challenges and recommendations for wearable devices in digital health: Data quality, interoperability, health equity, fairness.Stefano Canali, Viola Schiaffonati & Andrea Aliverti - 2022 - PLOS Digital Health 1 (10):e0000104.
    Wearable devices are increasingly present in the health context, as tools for biomedical research and clinical care. In this context, wearables are considered key tools for a more digital, personalised, preventive medicine. At the same time, wearables have also been associated with issues and risks, such as those connected to privacy and data sharing. Yet, discussions in the literature have mostly focused on either technical or ethical considerations, framing these as largely separate areas of discussion, and the contribution of wearables (...)
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  • Digital participatory democracy: A normative framework for the democratic governance of the digital commons.Alec Stubbs - 2022 - Journal of Social Philosophy 54 (3):385-403.
    This paper serves a dual function: (1) it is intended to proffer a stable understanding of our digital engagement on the Internet as a form of labor that is co-opted by digital firms for private profit; (2) it extends the concept of participatory democracy to our digital world, arguing that our collective or common production of value for digital firms (in the form of what I call“knowledge goods”) requires the implementation of participatory democratic governance mechanisms over these digital firms and (...)
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  • From industrial to digital citizenship: rethinking social rights in cyberspace.Federico Tomasello - 2023 - Theory and Society 52 (3):463-486.
    Growing social inequalities represent a major concern associated with the Digital Revolution. The article tackles this issue by exploring how welfare regulations and redistribution policies can be rethought in the age of digital capitalism. It focuses on the history and enduring crisis of social citizenship rights in their connection with technological changes, in order to draw a comparison between the industrial and the digital scenario. The first section addresses the link between the Industrial Revolution and the genesis of social rights. (...)
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  • I Know What You Will Do Next Summer: Informational Privacy and the Ethics of Data Analytics.Jakob Mainz - 2021 - Dissertation, Aalborg University
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  • What Happened to ‘Big Tech’ and Antitrust? And How to Fix Them!Manuel Wörsdörfer - 2022 - Philosophy of Management 21 (3):345-369.
    The debate surrounding ‘big tech’ and antitrust has dominated public policy discourses over the past few years in many parts of the world. Noteworthy is that several countries and regions, including China, the European Union, and the United States, have launched investigations into the allegedly anticompetitive and exclusionary business practices of companies such as Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google and their Chinese counterparts, Alibaba and Tencent. This paper builds on the renewed interest in the topic and discusses in detail – (...)
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  • Anforderungen an die Datensouveränität in der patientenorientierten und KI-gestützten klinischen Forschung in Deutschland.Marija Radic, Julia Busch-Casler, Agnes Vosen, Philipp Herrmann, Arno Appenzeller, Henrik Mucha, Patrick Philipp, Kevin Frank, Stephanie Dauth, Michaela Köhm, Berna Orak, Indra Spiecker Genannt Döhmann & Peter Böhm - 2024 - Ethik in der Medizin 36 (4):547-562.
    Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die exponentiell wachsende Verfügbarkeit von Gesundheitsdaten bietet Forschenden ungeahnte Potenziale für Innovationen. Gleichzeitig gehen mit der Verwertung von Big Data auch große ethische Herausforderungen einher, die es zu bewältigen gilt, um den Anforderungen an verantwortungsvolle Forschung und Innovation gerecht zu werden (Gerke et al. 2020; Howe III und Elenberg 2020). Datensouveränität und die damit verbundenen Grundsätze der Selbstbestimmung und der informierten Zustimmung sind dabei zentrale Ziele. Allerdings hat deren konsistente Umsetzung enorme Konsequenzen für die Datenerhebung und -verarbeitung in (...)
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  • Evaluating the understanding of the ethical and moral challenges of Big Data and AI among Jordanian medical students, physicians in training, and senior practitioners: a cross-sectional study.Abdallah Al-Ani, Abdallah Rayyan, Ahmad Maswadeh, Hala Sultan, Ahmad Alhammouri, Hadeel Asfour, Tariq Alrawajih, Sarah Al Sharie, Fahed Al Karmi, Ahmad Azzam, Asem Mansour & Maysa Al-Hussaini - 2024 - BMC Medical Ethics 25 (1):1-14.
    Aims To examine the understanding of the ethical dilemmas associated with Big Data and artificial intelligence (AI) among Jordanian medical students, physicians in training, and senior practitioners. Methods We implemented a literature-validated questionnaire to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the target population during the period between April and August 2023. Themes of ethical debate included privacy breaches, consent, ownership, augmented biases, epistemology, and accountability. Participants’ responses were showcased using descriptive statistics and compared between groups using t-test or ANOVA. (...)
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  • Steering Representations—Towards a Critical Understanding of Digital Twins.Paulan Korenhof, Vincent Blok & Sanneke Kloppenburg - 2021 - Philosophy and Technology 34 (4):1751-1773.
    Digital Twins are conceptualised in the academic technical discourse as real-time realistic digital representations of physical entities. Originating from product engineering, the Digital Twin quickly advanced into other fields, including the life sciences and earth sciences. Digital Twins are seen by the tech sector as the new promising tool for efficiency and optimisation, while governmental agencies see it as a fruitful means for improving decision-making to meet sustainability goals. A striking example of the latter is the European Commission who wishes (...)
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  • Randomised controlled trials in medical AI: ethical considerations.Thomas Grote - 2022 - Journal of Medical Ethics 48 (11):899-906.
    In recent years, there has been a surge of high-profile publications on applications of artificial intelligence (AI) systems for medical diagnosis and prognosis. While AI provides various opportunities for medical practice, there is an emerging consensus that the existing studies show considerable deficits and are unable to establish the clinical benefit of AI systems. Hence, the view that the clinical benefit of AI systems needs to be studied in clinical trials—particularly randomised controlled trials (RCTs)—is gaining ground. However, an issue that (...)
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  • Ethische Aspekte von Blockchain-Technologien in der biomedizinischen Forschung.Giovanni Rubeis - 2024 - Ethik in der Medizin 36 (4):493-506.
    Zusammenfassung Problemhintergrund Biomedizinische Forschung auf Grundlage von Big Data bietet immense Vorteile. Groß angelegte multizentrische Forschung, die große Mengen persönlicher Gesundheitsdaten einbezieht, v. a. genetische und genomische Daten, könnte zu einer stärker personalisierten Medizin beitragen. Dieser Typ Forschung erfordert den Transfer und die Speicherung hochsensibler Daten, wodurch sich die Frage ergibt, wie Datensubjekte vor „data harm“ geschützt werden können, etwa vor Verletzungen der Privatsphäre, Disempowerment, Verlust von Rechten und Ausbeutung. Hier ergibt sich das Dilemma, wie die Vorteile der auf Big (...)
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  • Nonnatural Personal Information. Accounting for Misleading and Non-misleading Personal Information.Sille Obelitz Søe - 2021 - Philosophy and Technology 34 (4):1243-1262.
    Personal information is key to informational privacy and the algorithmically generated profiles of individuals. However, the concept of personal information and its nature is rarely discussed. The concept of personal information thus seems to be based on an idea of information as objective and truthful—as natural information—that is depicted as digital footprints in the online and digital realm. I argue that the concept of personal information should exit the realm of natural information and enter the realm of nonnatural information—grounded in (...)
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  • Ethical implications of blockchain technology in biomedical research.Giovanni Rubeis - forthcoming - Ethik in der Medizin:1-14.
    Definition of the problem Biomedical research based on big data offers immense benefits. Large multisite research that integrates large amounts of personal health data, especially genomic and genetic data, might contribute to a more personalized medicine. This type of research requires the transfer and storage of highly sensitive data, which raises the question of how to protect data subjects against data harm, such as privacy breach, disempowerment, disenfranchisement, and exploitation. As a result, there is a trade-off between reaping the benefits (...)
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  • How does Responsible Research & Innovation apply to the concept of the Digital Self, in consideration of privacy, ownership and democracy?Sijmen van Schagen - unknown
    This master thesis studies to what degree Responsible Research & Innovation can be applied to the concept of the Digital Self. In order to examine this properly, it focuses on aspects of privacy, ownership and democracy. This work is inspired by the digital health domain, where a growing number of patients become enabled to benefit from AI-powered clinical decision sup port. Aim of this study is to provide insight into what cases can be considered for exploring new design requirements for (...)
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  • Should my robot know what's best for me? Human–robot interaction between user experience and ethical design.Nora Fronemann, Kathrin Pollmann & Wulf Loh - 2022 - AI and Society 37 (2):517-533.
    To integrate social robots in real-life contexts, it is crucial that they are accepted by the users. Acceptance is not only related to the functionality of the robot but also strongly depends on how the user experiences the interaction. Established design principles from usability and user experience research can be applied to the realm of human–robot interaction, to design robot behavior for the comfort and well-being of the user. Focusing the design on these aspects alone, however, comes with certain ethical (...)
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  • The devil is in the details: an analysis of patient rights in Swiss cancer registries.Andrea Martani, Frédéric Erard, Carlo Casonato & Bernice Simone Elger - 2022 - Journal of Medical Ethics 48 (12):1048-1053.
    Cancer registries are an important part of the public health infrastructure, since they allow to monitor the temporal trends of this illness as well as facilitate epidemiological research. In order to effectively set up such registries, it is necessary to create a system of data collection that permits to record health-related information from patients who are diagnosed with cancer. Given the sensitive nature of such data, it is debated whether their recording should be based on consent or whether alternative arrangements (...)
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  • Evaluating models of consent in changing health research environments.Svenja Wiertz & Joachim Boldt - 2022 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 25 (2):269-280.
    While Specific Informed Consent has been the established standard for obtaining consent for medical research for many years, it does not appear suitable for large-scale biobank and health data research. Thus, alternative forms of consent have been suggested, based on a variety of ethical background assumptions. This article identifies five main ethical perspectives at stake. Even though Tiered Consent, Dynamic Consent and Meta Consent are designed to the demands of the self-determination perspective as well as the perspective of research as (...)
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  • Smart Socio-Technical Environments: a Paternalistic and Humanistic Management Proposal.Manuel Carabantes - 2021 - Philosophy and Technology 34 (4):1531-1544.
    One of the great dangers of our time is that the cumulative long-term action of smart socio-technical environments engineered to control thought and behavior results in an excessive loss of freedom. In response to this challenge, that we shall call humanity’s socio-technical dilemma, we outline here some fundamental ideas of a political program to control these environments, which is similar to the one proposed by Brett Frischmann and Evan Selinger. It is similar insofar as we share their paternalistic and humanistic (...)
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  • Beyond federated data: a data commoning proposition for the EU’s citizen-centric digital strategy.Stefano Calzati & Bastiaan van Loenen - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-13.
    In various official documents, the European Union has declared its goal to pursue a citizen-centric governance of digital transformation. Through a critical review of several of these documents, here we show how “citizen-centric” is more a glamouring than a driving concept. De facto, the EU is enabling a federated data system that is corporate-driven, economic-oriented, and GDPR-compliant; in other words, a Digital Single Market (DSM). This leaves out societal and collective-level dimensions of digital transformation—such as social inclusion, digital sovereignty, and (...)
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