Hermeneutics, or interpretation, is concerned with the generation, transmission, and acceptance of meaning within the lifeworld, and was the original method of the human sciences stemming, from F. Schleiermacher and W. Dilthey. The `hermeneutic philosophy' refers mostly to Heidegger. This paper addresses natural science from the perspective of Heidegger's analysis of meaning and interpretation. Its purpose is to incorporate into the philosophy of science those aspects of historicality, culture, and tradition that are absent from the traditional analysis of theory and (...) explanation, to re-orient the current discussion about scientific realism around the hermeneutics of meaning and truth in science, and to establish some relationship between the current philosophy of natural science and hermeneutical philosophy. The paper has particular relevance to the history and social studies of science and technology. (shrink)

Se trata de pensar y abrir el horizonte del ser-con desde los análisis fenomenológicos vertidospor Heidegger en la I Sección de su libro Ser y Tiempo, respetando y aceptando sus propiaslimitaciones intrínsecas y a pesar del carácter aparentemente negativo que rodea a este existenciario,a fin de radicalizarlo, extenderlo y ubicarlo en su posibilidad más genuina. Por esta razón, a través deuna interpretación de corte fenomenológico, se ha querido potenciar los posibles rendimientos de unser-con en propiedad, enfatizando la necesidad de interpretar (...) el opus magnum heideggeriano desdeel horizonte de la mismidad del Dasein. La conclusión apunta sobre dos vías temáticas, a saber: a) atomar la mismidad del Dasein, por cuanto constituye una posibilidad ejecutiva de existir conforme alo que este ente es, en tanto condición necesaria y suficiente para pensar un ser-con en propiedad; b) aestablecer, casi a modo de esbozo, una relación entre ser-con, libertad y mismidad, la cual tiene su basetemática en una presumible igualdad de orden pre-ontológico. (shrink)

Modes-of-being figure centrally in Heidegger's masterwork Being and Time. Testimony to this is Heidegger's characterisation of two of his most celebrated enquiries—the Existential analytic and the Zeug analysis—as investigations into the respective modes-of-being of the entities concerned. Yet despite the importance of this concept, commentators disagree widely about what a mode-of-being is. In this paper, I systematically outline and defend a novel and exegetically grounded interpretation of this concept. Strongly opposed to Kantian readings, such as those advocated by Taylor Carman (...) and Cristina Lafont, I interpret a mode-of-being as a universal that defines a district —that is, a natural class of entities that ought to be conceptualised in a special way. As such, every mode-of-being plays an important metaphysical and epistemic role: serving both to unify a natural class of a high degree of generality and as the interpretandum of an act yielding the basic-concepts pertaining to the entities therein. In explicating and arguing for this interpretation, I attribute a characteristically Aristotelian philosophical position to the early Heidegger, encompassing both metaphysical and epistemological realism and a conceptualist theory of universals. (shrink)

Covariant Realism Hermeneutic phenomenology of science implies a particular version of realism. It approaches scientific entities in a twofold perspective: in their relation to other parts of the theory (as elements in a theoretical "language"), and in relation to the lifeworld as mediated by laboratory practices; as "fulfilled" in laboratory situations that "produce" worldly objects. The question then arises of the relation between the two perspectives; as Ginev has pointed out, there is danger of a theoretical essentialism which is implied (...) when the mathematical projection is conceived as operationalized by experiment. Ginev's proposal to avoid this involves the concept of "inscription." This paper proposes another approach, covariant realism, which draws from Heidegger's notion of formal indication and which makes explicit the temporality of theoretical objects in the flow of the research process. Formal indication does not so much describe phenomena as call them to our attention in a way that we can activate ourselves (as in laboratory contexts); it characterizes phenomena which are understood to be provisionally grasped, already interpreted, and anticipated as able to show themselves differently in different contexts. The value of this approach suggests deeper possibilities for hermeneutic phenomenology of science than have hitherto been explored. (shrink)

The synthesis between death and vocation that has in the structure ‘being toward vocation’ its conclusion is the key to human finitude according to Ortega y Gasset. This means, against Heidegger’s ‘being toward death’, that in Ortega death, far from being understood as a priori horizon of meaning of existence and sign of human finitude, is an essential ingredient -and a posteriori- of human life which, together with the human vocation, essentially defines existence. The development of that synthesis obliges us (...) to explain two fundamental problems that form part of the essence of death. The first is the mystery of death, which is basically due to two questions: the enigmatic ceasing to be that describes death, and the particular fact that death is simultaneously exterior and interior to life, strange and familiar. The second problem is the question of why human beings do not want to die and want to live, a question substantially linked to the question of the meaning of human life. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza las lecturas que realizó Martin Heidegger de la Ética a Nicómaco de Aristóteles a partir de las anotaciones y subrayados que se conservan en un ejemplar que perteneció al filósofo alemán y que actualmente se custodia en la Biblioteca Histórica de la Universidad de Salamanca. Las diversas notas y glosas manuscritas que Heidegger anota al margen de las páginas en la obra de Aristóteles permiten conocer mejor la influencia que este libro ejerció en la filosofía heideggeriana y (...) descubren que «el taller histórico y filológico» que Martin Heidegger instauró a partir del texto aristotélico fue crucial para el desarrollo de algunos conceptos fundamentales de su pensamiento. (shrink)

In the following paper we will attempt to offer a panoramic reconstruction of the relations between scientificity [Wissenschaftlichkeit] and the existentiell dimension of Dasein’s being in the framework of Being and Time and in the period immediately following its publication. To this end, we will attempt to (a) offer an account of the positive and negative appropriations of the concept of the existenziell in the reception of Heidegger's opus magnum, next (b) we will offer a systematic reconstruction of the existentiell (...) dimension by recognizing what we will call developmental "vectors", and lastly, (c) we will review the fundamental moments of the ontological-critical science, and (d) show how each of this constitutive moments is affected by “existentiell unboundingness” [existenzielle Unverbindlichkeit]. (shrink)

En Ser y tiempo encontramos posiciones inconsistentes acerca la génesis de la ciencia y la homogeneización del espacio. Sobre la primera es manifiesto el contraste entre un modelo de carácter privativo, caracterizado como un proceso de desmundanización que permite aprender la realidad en su sustancialidad y otro, proyectivo que presenta a la matematización como un modo positivo de tematización. En el presente artículo quisiéramos sostener que estas diferencias estarían asociadas a el hecho de que en esta obra Heidegger opera con (...) dos definiciones de mundo diferentes, y el contraste entre la prescripción de una fundamentación fenomenológico trascendental del sentido ontológico-categorial por el sentido ontológico-existencial y las descripciones históricas sobre los procederes inversos que derivaban el sentido ontológico-existencial del ontológico-categorial. (shrink)

Le néokantisme – souvent critiqué de façon polémique par Heidegger et ses disciples –, en particulier le néokantisme de son maître, Heinrich Rickert, présente une théorie de la compréhension humaine plus approfondie que celle de Heidegger. D’une part, Heidegger est replacé dans son temps, puis les principes de la théorie de Rickert sur le sens et les valeurs sont esquissés. D’autre part, un problème de base de la phénoménologie est analysé ; il apparaît en fin de compte que la validité (...) – notion fondamentale du néokantisme – fonctionne implicitement aussi comme le fondement du projet ontologique de Heidegger, bien que celui-ci, pour des raisons méthodologiques, ne parvient pas suffisamment à justifier l’usage de cette notion. (shrink)

This essay tries to retrace Heidegger’s interpretation of the Aristotelian concepts of συμβεβηκὸζ, τύχη and abróparov and their role within daseinanalytic ontology. We will try to show how Heidegger manages to unify the three terms (which in Aristotelian philosophy remain distinct although related) into a single ontological concept, capable of exercising a negative function with respect to the conception of being as Anwesenheit. However, one will come to notice the lack of an effective Heideggerian thematization of the concept of τύχη, (...) whose ontological importance for the Dasein will instead be prepared and enhanced by his student Helene Weiss. (shrink)

The paper explores Václav Havel’s encounter with Emmanuel Levinas’ essay ‘Without Identity’, which Havel read while in prison. The discussion of this encounter will demonstrate the importance of this encounter for solidifying the humanist elements of Havel’s thought, whilst also demonstrating the pre-existing humanism in Havel, evidence itself of his large debt to Czechoslovak humanist thought. What emerges is a demonstration of the richness and timeliness of Havel’s writing on responsibility. The paper makes a case for rejecting popular Heideggerian interpretations (...) of Havel’s oeuvre. Havel’s deep affinity for Levinas’ thinking demonstrates that Havel’s humanism, informed as it is from the Czech tradition as well as through his encounter with Levinas, is at odds with Heidegger’s essential anti-humanism. (shrink)

Determining what philosophy is for the young Heidegger is a complex task. It is also an ambiguous task in that it is considered unresolved and intricate due to its subsidiary link to factical life. This paper will try to show that from the approach of worried concern and from a critique of the theoretical attitude and worldviews, Heidegger conceives that philosophizing is committing oneself to the possibility of carrying out a personal transformation lived as a commitment of a personal nature. (...) From this situation, which will be critically scrutinized in the development of the present paper, I will determine philosophy to be the setting in motion of the self-enlightenment of the life of each existent. (shrink)

Em busca de uma compreensão originária da filosofia entre 1919-1923, que incorpore a experienciação da vida em si e para si, e sem que essa ideia de realização de nossas vivências cotidianas dependa de representações abstratas, Martin Heidegger se confrontará criticamente com o cenário filosófico de sua época: a filosofia neokantiana, a fenomenologia, a hermenêutica e as filosofias da vida, entre outros. Para captar essa nova compreensão do pensamento filosófico no quadro de uma concepção hermenêutica da fenomenologia em gestação, o (...) presente artigo abordará os primeiros cinco parágrafos do KNS de 1919 à luz tanto do próprio curso como das preleções ministradas na primeira docência na Universidade em Freiburg. Nesses parágrafos a ideia da filosofia, compreendida como “ciência originária da vida” terá seu ponto de partida e seu âmbito problemático na “vida fática”, interpretada como verdadeiro e autêntico Faktum do pensamento. (shrink)