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The role of analogy, model, and metaphor in science

New York: American Elsevier Pub. Co. (1974)

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  1. From Buzz to Burst—Critical Remarks on the Term ‘Life’ and Its Ethical Implications in Synthetic Biology.Michael Funk, Johannes Steizinger, Daniel Falkner & Tobias Eichinger - 2019 - NanoEthics 13 (3):173-198.
    In this paper, we examine the use of the term ‘life’ in the debates within and about synthetic biology. We review different positions within these debates, focusing on the historical background, the constructive epistemology of laboratory research and the pros and cons of metaphorical speech. We argue that ‘life’ is used as buzzword, as folk concept, and as theoretical concept in inhomogeneous ways. Extending beyond the review of the significant literature, we also argue that ‘life’ can be understood as aBurstwordin (...)
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  • Parrying.Kenneth Mark Colby - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):550-560.
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  • Colby's paranoia model: An old theory in a new frame?C. E. Izard & F. A. Masterson - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):539-540.
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  • Resources for Research on Analogy: A Multi-disciplinary Guide.Marcello Guarini, Amy Butchart, Paul Simard Smith & Andrei Moldovan - 2009 - Informal Logic 29 (2):84-197.
    Work on analogy has been done from a number of disciplinary perspectives throughout the history of Western thought. This work is a multidisciplinary guide to theorizing about analogy. It contains 1,406 references, primarily to journal articles and monographs, and primarily to English language material. classical through to contemporary sources are included. The work is classified into eight different sections (with a number of subsections). A brief introduction to each section is provided. Keywords and key expressions of importance to research on (...)
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  • L'analogie dans l'épistémologie historique de Ferdinand Gonseth: Les concepts post-phénoménologiques de schéma, horizon de réalité et référentiel.Vincent Bontems - 2007 - Bulletin d'Analyse Phénoménologique (3).
    Ferdinand Gonseth n'a cessé d'approfondir sa conception de la fonction épistémologique dévolue à l'analogie dans le cadre de sa doctrine de l'"idonéisme". Cette recherche passa toujours par une appropriation critique de la phénoménologie. L'auteur examine ici comment s'établit, dès 1936, un principe d'analogicité entre des plans d'abstraction et d'approfondissement phénoménotechnique qui s'éloignent de plus en plus de l'expérience perceptive ordinaire. La concordance est alors assurée par la notion de "schéma", qu'il reprend au "phénoménologiste" Kaufmann, mais à laquelle il confère d'autres (...)
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  • Corrupting the youth: a history of philosophy in Australia.James Franklin - 2003 - Sydney, Australia: Macleay Press.
    A polemical account of Australian philosophy up to 2003, emphasising its unique aspects (such as commitment to realism) and the connections between philosophers' views and their lives. Topics include early idealism, the dominance of John Anderson in Sydney, the Orr case, Catholic scholasticism, Melbourne Wittgensteinianism, philosophy of science, the Sydney disturbances of the 1970s, Francofeminism, environmental philosophy, the philosophy of law and Mabo, ethics and Peter Singer. Realist theories especially praised are David Armstrong's on universals, David Stove's on logical probability (...)
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  • Can robots make good models of biological behaviour?Barbara Webb - 2001 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (6):1033-1050.
    How should biological behaviour be modelled? A relatively new approach is to investigate problems in neuroethology by building physical robot models of biological sensorimotor systems. The explication and justification of this approach are here placed within a framework for describing and comparing models in the behavioural and biological sciences. First, simulation models – the representation of a hypothesis about a target system – are distinguished from several other relationships also termed “modelling” in discussions of scientific explanation. Seven dimensions on which (...)
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  • Modeling in the museum: On the role of Remnant models in the work of Joseph Grinnell. [REVIEW]James R. Griesemer - 1990 - Biology and Philosophy 5 (1):3-36.
    Accounts of the relation between theories and models in biology concentrate on mathematical models. In this paper I consider the dual role of models as representations of natural systems and as a material basis for theorizing. In order to explicate the dual role, I develop the concept of a remnant model, a material entity made from parts of the natural system(s) under study. I present a case study of an important but neglected naturalist, Joseph Grinnell, to illustrate the extent to (...)
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  • Models in science and mental models in scientists and nonscientists.William F. Brewer - 2001 - Mind and Society 2 (2):33-48.
    This paper examines the form of mental representation of scientific theories in scientists and nonscientists. It concludes that images and schemas are not the appropriate form of mental representation for scientific theories but that mental models and perceptual symbols do seem appropriate for representing physical/mechanical phenomena. These forms of mental representation are postulated to have an analogical relation with the world and it is this relationship that gives them strong explanatory power. It is argued that the construct of naïve theories (...)
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  • Heuristic appraisal: A proposal.Thomas Nickles - 1989 - Social Epistemology 3 (3):175 – 188.
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  • Metaphors as models: Towards a typology of metaphor in ancient science.Marcel Humar - 2021 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 43 (3):1-26.
    Metaphors play a crucial role in the understanding of science. Since antiquity, metaphors have been used in technical texts to describe structures unknown or unnamed; besides establishing a terminology of science, metaphors are also important for the expression of concepts. However, a concise terminology to classify metaphors in the language of science has not been established yet. But in the context of studying the history of a science and its concepts, a precise typology of metaphors can be helpful. Metaphors have (...)
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  • Testing the components of a computer model.Brendan A. Maher - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):543-543.
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  • Issues in computer modeling of cognitive phenomena: An artificial intelligence perspective.Jaime G. Carbonell - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):536-537.
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  • Teorías de la luz y el color en la época de las Luces. De Newton a Goethe.Juan Pimentel - 2015 - Arbor 191 (775):a264.
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  • Modeling paranoia: The cargo cult metaphor.Keith Oatley - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):545-546.
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  • Modeling a paranoid mind.Kenneth Mark Colby - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):515-534.
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  • Pragmatic identity of meaning and metaphor.J. van Brakel & J. P. M. Geurts - 1988 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 2 (2):205 – 226.
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  • Models in Science and Engineering: Imagining, Designing and Evaluating Representations.Michael Poznic - 2017 - Dissertation, Delft University of Technology
    The central question of this thesis is how one can learn about particular targets by using models of those targets. A widespread assumption is that models have to be representative models in order to foster knowledge about targets. Thus the thesis begins by examining the concept of representation from an epistemic point of view and supports an account of representation that does not distinguish between representation simpliciter and adequate representation. Representation, understood in the sense of a representative model, is regarded (...)
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  • Facts, Concepts, and Theories: The Shape of Psychology's Epistemic Triangle.Armando Machado, Orlando Lourenço & Francisco J. Silva - 2000 - Behavior and Philosophy 28 (1/2):1 - 40.
    In this essay we introduce the idea of an epistemic triangle, with factual, theoretical, and conceptual investigations at its vertices, and argue that whereas scientific progress requires a balance among the three types of investigations, psychology's epistemic triangle is stretched disproportionately in the direction of factual investigations. Expressed by a variety of different problems, this unbalance may be created by a main operative theme—the obsession of psychology with a narrow and mechanical view of the scientific method and a misguided aversion (...)
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  • Models and theories I: The semantic view revisited.Chuang Liu - 1997 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 11 (2):147 – 164.
    The paper, as Part I of a two-part series, argues for a hybrid formulation of the semantic view of scientific theories. For stage-setting, it first reviews the elements of the model theory in mathematical logic (on whose foundation the semantic view rests), the syntactic and the semantic view, and the different notions of models used in the practice of science. The paper then argues for an integration of the notions into the semantic view, and thereby offers a hybrid semantic view, (...)
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  • Misled by Metaphor: The Problem of Ingrained Analogy.Andrea Sullivan-Clarke - 2019 - Perspectives on Science 27 (2):153-170.
    Nancy Leys Stepan’s historical analysis of the analogical reasoning used in nineteenth century research on human variation highlights an interesting feature of scientific discourse: metaphors imported from larger society can negatively impact scientific practice. In this paper, I consider the roles of analogical reasoning in scientific practice and demonstrate how it can mislead the scientists relying on it. One way, the problem of ingrained analogy, results when the correspondences of a metaphor become entrenched in the minds of scientists. Previous solutions, (...)
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  • The Creative Power of Formal Analogies in Physics: The Case of Albert Einstein.Yves Gingras - 2015 - Science & Education 24 (5-6):529-541.
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  • Models in science and in science education: an introduction.Michael R. Matthews - 2007 - Science & Education 16 (7-8):647-652.
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  • Modeling Organs with Organs on Chips: Scientific Representation and Engineering Design as Modeling Relations.Michael Poznic - 2016 - Philosophy and Technology 29 (4):357-371.
    On the basis of a case study in bioengineering, this paper proposes a novel perspective on models in science and engineering. This is done with the help of two notions: representation and design. These two notions are interpreted as referring to modeling relations between vehicles and targets that differ in their respective directions of fit. The representation relation has a vehicle-to-target direction of fit and the design relation has a target-to-vehicle direction of fit. The case study of an organ on (...)
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  • Feminist Philosophy of Science.Lynn Hankinson Nelson - 2002 - In Peter K. Machamer & Michael Silberstein (eds.), The Blackwell guide to the philosophy of science. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell. pp. 312–331.
    This chapter contains sections titled: Highlights of Past Literature Current Work Future Work.
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  • Clinical artificial intelligence.Virginia Teller & Hartvig Dahl - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):549-550.
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  • Paranoia concerning program-resistant aspects of the mind - and let's drop rocks on Turing's toes again.Keith Gunderson - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):537-539.
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  • PARRY and the evaluation of cognitive models.James R. Miller - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):543-544.
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  • Simulation?Joseph Agassi - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):535-536.
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  • How smart must you be to be crazy?Robert Lindsay - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):541-542.
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  • Deep and shallow simulations.Aaron Sloman - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):548-548.
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  • On the generality of PARRY, Colby's paranoia model.Manfred Kochen - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):540-541.
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  • Colby's model for paranoia: It's made well, but what is it?Peter A. Magaro & Harvey G. Shulman - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):542-543.
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  • More bleat than bite responses to Barnes, Cohen, hands, and wise.Philip Mirowski - 1992 - Philosophy of the Social Sciences 22 (1):131-141.
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  • Going after PARRY.Robert P. Abelson - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):534-535.
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  • Psychiatry and computers: An uneasy synthesis.William H. Reid & John F. Riedler - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):547-547.
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  • Is PARRY paranoid?David W. Swanson - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):548-549.
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  • The Power of Analogies for Imagining and Governing Emerging Technologies.Claudia Schwarz-Plaschg - 2018 - NanoEthics 12 (2):139-153.
    The emergence of new technologies regularly involves comparisons with previous innovations. For instance, analogies with asbestos and genetically modified organisms have played a crucial role in the early societal debate about nanotechnology. This article explores the power of analogies in such debates and how they could be effectively and responsibly employed for imagining and governing emerging technologies in general and nanotechnology in particular. First, the concept of analogical imagination is developed to capture the explorative and anticipatory potential of analogies. Yet (...)
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  • Evaluation of a model's test.Russell Revlin - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):547-548.
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  • The dichotomous predicament of contemporary psychology.V. Pinkava - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):546-547.
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  • Al and cargo cult science.James Moor - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):544-545.
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  • Creating common ground: A lesson from the past. [REVIEW]Jonathan King & David Acklin - 1995 - Journal of Business Ethics 14 (1):1 - 16.
    Orthodox business ethics, conventional management theory, and a great deal of higher education embody the overriding emphasis accorded to analysis by yesteryear''s science. An alternative strategy, exemplified by the war stories told by a Confederate Genral, is more consistent with late 20th century science in general and soft systems methodology in particular.The characteristic way of management that we have taught... is to take a complex system, divide it into parts, and then try to manage each part as well as possible. (...)
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  • The logic of discovery a case study of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Howard Adelman & Allan Adelman - 1977 - Acta Biotheoretica 26 (1):39-58.
    This paper examines the research leading from the initial discovery of a disease in 1957 to its complete description twenty years later. The analysis reveals four stages in the discovery process and attempts to pinpoint the key characteristics of each of those stages. It is suggested that the early stages in the process have some of the characteristics depicted by T. H. Kuhn about the logic of discovery whereas the later stages exemplify the characteristics of the logic of discovery propounded (...)
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