Switch to: References

Add citations

You must login to add citations.
  1. A Computational Learning Semantics for Inductive Empirical Knowledge.Kevin T. Kelly - 2014 - In Alexandru Baltag & Sonja Smets (eds.), Johan van Benthem on Logic and Information Dynamics. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. pp. 289-337.
    This chapter presents a new semantics for inductive empirical knowledge. The epistemic agent is represented concretely as a learner who processes new inputs through time and who forms new beliefs from those inputs by means of a concrete, computable learning program. The agent’s belief state is represented hyper-intensionally as a set of time-indexed sentences. Knowledge is interpreted as avoidance of error in the limit and as having converged to true belief from the present time onward. Familiar topics are re-examined within (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  • Dynamic-binding theory is not plausible without chaotic oscillation.Ichiro Tsuda - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):475-476.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Computational and biological constraints in the psychology of reasoning.Mike Oaksford & Mike Malloch - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):468-469.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  • Not all reflexive reasoning is deductive.Graeme Hirst & Dekai Wu - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):462-463.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Connectionism and syntactic binding of concepts.Georg Dorffner - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):456-457.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Time phases, pointers, rules and embedding.John A. Barnden - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):451-452.
    This paper is a commentary on the target article by Lokendra Shastri & Venkat Ajjanagadde [S&A]: “From simple associations to systematic reasoning: A connectionist representation of rules, variables and dynamic bindings using temporal synchrony” in same issue of the journal, pp.417–451. -/- It puts S&A's temporal-synchrony binding method in a broader context, comments on notions of pointing and other ways of associating information - in both computers and connectionist systems - and mentions types of reasoning that are a challenge to (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Intractability and the use of heuristics in psychological explanations.Iris Rooij, Cory Wright & Todd Wareham - 2012 - Synthese 187 (2):471-487.
    Many cognitive scientists, having discovered that some computational-level characterization f of a cognitive capacity φ is intractable, invoke heuristics as algorithmic-level explanations of how cognizers compute f. We argue that such explanations are actually dysfunctional, and rebut five possible objections. We then propose computational-level theory revision as a principled and workable alternative.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   13 citations  
  • Changing minds about climate change: Belief revision, coherence, and emotion.Paul Thagard & Scott Findlay - 2011 - In Erik J. Olson Sebastian Enqvist (ed.), Belief Revision meets Philosophy of Science. Springer. pp. 329--345.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  • Against Logicist Cognitive Science.Mike Oaksford & Nick Chater - 1991 - Mind and Language 6 (1):1-38.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   172 citations  
  • Computational Complexity of Polyadic Lifts of Generalized Quantifiers in Natural Language.Jakub Szymanik - 2010 - Linguistics and Philosophy 33 (3):215-250.
    We study the computational complexity of polyadic quantifiers in natural language. This type of quantification is widely used in formal semantics to model the meaning of multi-quantifier sentences. First, we show that the standard constructions that turn simple determiners into complex quantifiers, namely Boolean operations, iteration, cumulation, and resumption, are tractable. Then, we provide an insight into branching operation yielding intractable natural language multi-quantifier expressions. Next, we focus on a linguistic case study. We use computational complexity results to investigate semantic (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   14 citations  
  • The Perceived Objectivity of Ethical Beliefs: Psychological Findings and Implications for Public Policy. [REVIEW]Geoffrey P. Goodwin & John M. Darley - 2010 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 1 (2):161-188.
    Ethical disputes arise over differences in the content of the ethical beliefs people hold on either side of an issue. One person may believe that it is wrong to have an abortion for financial reasons, whereas another may believe it to be permissible. But, the magnitude and difficulty of such disputes may also depend on other properties of the ethical beliefs in question—in particular, how objective they are perceived to be. As a psychological property of moral belief, objectivity is relatively (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   49 citations  
  • The analysis of resource-limited vision systems.Ronald A. Rensink & Greg Provan - 1991 - Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society 1:311-316.
    This paper explores the ways in which resource limitations influence the nature of perceptual and cognitive processes. A framework is developed that allows early visual processing to be analyzed in terms of these limitations. In this approach, there is no one ``best'' system for any visual process. Rather, a spectrum of systems exists, differing in the particular trade-offs made between performance and resource requirements.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Generalized quantifiers.Dag Westerståhl - 2008 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   16 citations  
  • From simple associations to systematic reasoning: A connectionist representation of rules, variables, and dynamic binding using temporal synchrony.Lokendra Shastri & Venkat Ajjanagadde - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):417-51.
    Human agents draw a variety of inferences effortlessly, spontaneously, and with remarkable efficiency – as though these inferences were a reflexive response of their cognitive apparatus. Furthermore, these inferences are drawn with reference to a large body of background knowledge. This remarkable human ability seems paradoxical given the complexity of reasoning reported by researchers in artificial intelligence. It also poses a challenge for cognitive science and computational neuroscience: How can a system of simple and slow neuronlike elements represent a large (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   122 citations  
  • A cognitive theory of graphical and linguistic reasoning: Logic and implementation. Cognitive science.Keith Stenning & Jon Oberlander - 1995 - Cognitive Science 19 (1):97-140.
    We discuss external and internal graphical and linguistic representational systems. We argue that a cognitive theory of peoples' reasoning performance must account for (a) the logical equivalence of inferences expressed in graphical and linguistic form; and (b) the implementational differences that affect facility of inference. Our theory proposes that graphical representations limit abstraction and thereby aid processibility. We discuss the ideas of specificity and abstraction, and their cognitive relevance. Empirical support comes from tasks (i) involving and (ii) not involving the (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   22 citations  
  • On the computational complexity of ethics: moral tractability for minds and machines.Jakob Stenseke - 2024 - Artificial Intelligence Review 57 (105):90.
    Why should moral philosophers, moral psychologists, and machine ethicists care about computational complexity? Debates on whether artificial intelligence (AI) can or should be used to solve problems in ethical domains have mainly been driven by what AI can or cannot do in terms of human capacities. In this paper, we tackle the problem from the other end by exploring what kind of moral machines are possible based on what computational systems can or cannot do. To do so, we analyze normative (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Off-line reasoning for on-line efficiency: knowledge bases.Yoram Moses & Moshe Tennenholtz - 1996 - Artificial Intelligence 83 (2):229-239.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • Tractability and the computational mind.Rineke Verbrugge & Jakub Szymanik - 2018 - In Mark Sprevak & Matteo Colombo (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of the Computational Mind. Routledge. pp. 339-353.
    We overview logical and computational explanations of the notion of tractability as applied in cognitive science. We start by introducing the basics of mathematical theories of complexity: computability theory, computational complexity theory, and descriptive complexity theory. Computational philosophy of mind often identifies mental algorithms with computable functions. However, with the development of programming practice it has become apparent that for some computable problems finding effective algorithms is hardly possible. Some problems need too much computational resource, e.g., time or memory, to (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  • Parameterized Complexity of Theory of Mind Reasoning in Dynamic Epistemic Logic.Iris van de Pol, Iris van Rooij & Jakub Szymanik - 2018 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 27 (3):255-294.
    Theory of mind refers to the human capacity for reasoning about others’ mental states based on observations of their actions and unfolding events. This type of reasoning is notorious in the cognitive science literature for its presumed computational intractability. A possible reason could be that it may involve higher-order thinking. To investigate this we formalize theory of mind reasoning as updating of beliefs about beliefs using dynamic epistemic logic, as this formalism allows to parameterize ‘order of thinking.’ We prove that (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  • Comprehension of Simple Quantifiers: Empirical Evaluation of a Computational Model.Jakub Szymanik & Marcin Zajenkowski - 2010 - Cognitive Science 34 (3):521-532.
    We examine the verification of simple quantifiers in natural language from a computational model perspective. We refer to previous neuropsychological investigations of the same problem and suggest extending their experimental setting. Moreover, we give some direct empirical evidence linking computational complexity predictions with cognitive reality.<br>In the empirical study we compare time needed for understanding different types of quantifiers. We show that the computational distinction between quantifiers recognized by finite-automata and push-down automata is psychologically relevant. Our research improves upon hypothesis and (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   33 citations  
  • The Tractable Cognition Thesis.Iris Van Rooij - 2008 - Cognitive Science 32 (6):939-984.
    The recognition that human minds/brains are finite systems with limited resources for computation has led some researchers to advance theTractable Cognition thesis: Human cognitive capacities are constrained by computational tractability. This thesis, if true, serves cognitive psychology by constraining the space of computational‐level theories of cognition. To utilize this constraint, a precise and workable definition of “computational tractability” is needed. Following computer science tradition, many cognitive scientists and psychologists define computational tractability as polynomial‐time computability, leading to theP‐Cognition thesis. This article (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   76 citations  
  • Guest Editors’ Introduction.James Delgrande & Jérôme Lang - 2015 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 44 (2):111-115.
    This special issue presents a selection of papers in Knowledge Representation in Artificial Intelligence , intended to illustrate the depth and breadth of current research in the area. It comes just over 25 years since a similar special issue of the Journal of Philosophical Logic appeared on the topic Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence [15]. This latter special issue covered work addressing the use of logic, in one form or another, for representing and reasoning with knowledge. The papers of the (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Reasoning about knowledge in linear logic: modalities and complexity.Mathieu Marion & Mehrnouche Sadrzadeh - 2004 - In S. Rahman (ed.), Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 327--350.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  • Connectionist semantic systematicity.Stefan L. Frank, Willem F. G. Haselager & Iris van Rooij - 2009 - Cognition 110 (3):358-379.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  • Ethereal oscillations.Malcolm P. Young - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):476-477.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Temporal synchrony and the speed of visual processing.Simon J. Thorpe - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):473-474.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Psychological implications of the synchronicity hypothesis.Stellan Ohlsson - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):469-469.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Making reasoning more reasonable: Event-coherence and assemblies.Günther Palm - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):470-470.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Useful ideas for exploiting time to engineer representations.Richard Rohwer - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):471-471.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Do simple associations lead to systematic reasoning?Steven Sloman - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):471-472.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • Reflections on reflexive reasoning.David L. Martin - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):466-466.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • What we know and the LTKB.Stanley Munsat - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):466-467.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Deconstruction of neural data yields biologically implausible periodic oscillations.Walter J. Freeman - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):458-459.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • Self-organizing neural models of categorization, inference and synchrony.Stephen Grossberg - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):460-461.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Competing, or perhaps complementary, approaches to the dynamic-binding problem, with similar capacity limitations.Graeme S. Halford - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):461-462.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • Rule acquisition and variable binding: Two sides of the same coin.P. J. Hampson - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):462-462.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Reasoning, learning and neuropsychological plausibility.Joachim Diederich - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):455-456.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • From symbols to neurons: Are we there yet?Garrison W. Cottrell - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):454-454.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  • Making a middling mousetrap.Michael R. W. Dawson & Istvan Berkeley - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):454-455.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  • A Cognitive Theory of Graphical and Linguistic Reasoning: Logic and Implementation.Keith Stenning & Jon Oberlander - 1995 - Cognitive Science 19 (1):97-140.
    We discuss external and internal graphical and linguistic representational systems. We argue that a cognitive theory of peoples' reasoning performance must account for (a) the logical equivalence of inferences expressed in graphical and linguistic form, and (b) the implementational differences that affect facility of inference. Our theory proposes that graphical representation limit abstraction and thereby aid “processibility”. We discuss the ideas of specificity and abstraction, and their cognitive relevance. Empirical support both comes from tasks which involve the manipulation of external (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   51 citations  
  • Frege, sense and limited rationality.Carlo Penco - 2003 - History of Modern Logic 9:53-65.
    In this paper, I will discuss a well-known oscillation in Frege’s conception of sense. My point is only partially concerned with his two different criteria of sense identity, and touches upon a more specific point: what happens if we apply Frege’s intuitive criterion for the difference of thoughts to logically equivalent sentences? I will try to make a schematic argument here that will preempt any endeavor to make Frege more coherent than he really is. In sections A and B, I (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  • Editorial: Efficacy of diagrammatic reasoning. [REVIEW]Oliver Lemon, Maarten de Rijke & Atsushi Shimojima - 1999 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 8 (3):265-271.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • Tractable competence.Marcello Frixione - 2001 - Minds and Machines 11 (3):379-397.
    In the study of cognitive processes, limitations on computational resources (computing time and memory space) are usually considered to be beyond the scope of a theory of competence, and to be exclusively relevant to the study of performance. Starting from considerations derived from the theory of computational complexity, in this paper I argue that there are good reasons for claiming that some aspects of resource limitations pertain to the domain of a theory of competence.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   28 citations  
  • The many uses of 'belief' in AI.Robert F. Hadley - 1991 - Minds and Machines 1 (1):55-74.
    Within AI and the cognitively related disciplines, there exist a multiplicity of uses of belief. On the face of it, these differing uses reflect differing views about the nature of an objective phenomenon called belief. In this paper I distinguish six distinct ways in which belief is used in AI. I shall argue that not all these uses reflect a difference of opinion about an objective feature of reality. Rather, in some cases, the differing uses reflect differing concerns with special (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  • Must we solve the binding problem in neural hardware?James W. Garson - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):459-460.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Measuring diagram quality through semiotic morphisms.André Freitas & Guy Clarke Marshall - 2021 - Semiotica 2021 (239):125-145.
    This paper outlines a method to assess the effectiveness of diagrams, from semiotic foundations. In doing so, we explore the Peircian notion of signification, as applied to diagrammatic representations. We review a history of diagrams, with particular emphasis on schematics used for representing systems, and uncover the neglect of semiotic analysis of diagrammatic representations. Through application of category theory to the Peircian triadic model, we propose a set of quantitative quality measures for diagrams, and a framework for their assessment, based (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • Tractable approximate deduction for OWL.Jeff Z. Pan, Yuan Ren & Yuting Zhao - 2016 - Artificial Intelligence 235 (C):95-155.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Conservation principles and action schemes in the synthesis of geometric concepts.Luis A. Pineda - 2007 - Artificial Intelligence 171 (4):197-238.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Terminological reasoning is inherently intractable.Bernhard Nebel - 1990 - Artificial Intelligence 43 (2):235-249.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   14 citations  
  • Relevance from an epistemic perspective.Gerhard Lakemeyer - 1997 - Artificial Intelligence 97 (1-2):137-167.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations