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  1. Ingredients Matter: How the Human Capital of Philanthropic and Traditional Venture Capital Differs.Mariarosa Scarlata, Jennifer Walske & Andrew Zacharakis - 2017 - Journal of Business Ethics 145 (3):623-635.
    Philanthropic venture capital, like traditional venture capital, provides funding and value-added services to a portfolio of entrepreneurial firms. However, TVC differs from PhVC, as the primary goal of TVC is to maximize the economic return of its investments. In contrast, PhVC firms expect their portfolio companies to perform well in terms of both social and economic returns. Using both American and European firms, this paper explores and compares the human capital in PhVC and TVC firm founders. Our results show that (...)
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  • Contesting the Market: An Assessment of Capitalism's Threat to Democracy.Michael Fuerstein - 2015 - In Subramanian Rangan (ed.), Performance and Progress: Essays on Capitalism, Business, and Society. Oxford University Press.
    I argue that capitalism presents a threat to “democratic contestation”: the egalitarian, socially distributed capacity to affect how, why, and whether power is used. Markets are not susceptible to mechanisms of accountability, nor are they bearers of intentions in the way that political power-holders are. This makes them resistant to the kind of rational, intentional oversight that constitutes one of democracy’s social virtues. I identify four social costs associated with this problem: the vulnerability of citizens to arbitrary interference, the insensitivity (...)
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  • Towards Normative Theories of Social Entrepreneurship. A Review of the Top Publications of the Field.Adélie Ranville & Marcos Barros - 2022 - Journal of Business Ethics 180 (2):407-438.
    In this article, we apply deductive content analysis to the 100 most influential publications in the field of social entrepreneurship to identify the normative assumptions in SE scholarship. Using eight contemporary schools of thought in political philosophy as a template for analysis, we identify the philosophies underlying SE literature and the important consequences of their normative stances, such as: ambiguous concepts, justifications and critiques, and normative contradictions. Our study contributes to the SE literature by proposing that political philosophy can help (...)
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  • Mapping the Intellectual Structure of Social Entrepreneurship Research: A Citation/Co-citation Analysis.Pradeep Kumar Hota, Balaji Subramanian & Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 166 (1):89-114.
    In this paper, we employ bibliometric analysis to empirically analyse the research on social entrepreneurship published between 1996 and 2017. By employing methods of citation analysis, document co-citation analysis, and social network analysis, we analyse 1296 papers containing 74,237 cited references and uncover the structure, or intellectual base, of research on social entrepreneurship. We identify nine distinct clusters of social entrepreneurship research that depict the intellectual structure of the field. The results provide an overall perspective of the social entrepreneurship field, (...)
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  • Economic Inequality and Social Entrepreneurship.Etayankara Muralidharan & Saurav Pathak - 2018 - Business and Society 57 (6):1150-1190.
    This article explores the extent to which income inequality and income mobility—both considered indicators of economic inequality and conditions of formal regulatory institutions —facilitate or constrain the emergence of social entrepreneurship. Using 77,983 individual-level responses obtained from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor survey of 26 countries, and supplementing with country-level data obtained from the Global Competitiveness Report of the World Economic Forum, our results from multilevel analyses demonstrate that country-level income inequality increases the likelihood of individual-level engagement in social entrepreneurship, while (...)
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  • Social Entrepreneurship in South Africa: Exploring the Influence of Environment.Diane Holt & David Littlewood - 2018 - Business and Society 57 (3):525-561.
    The influence of environment on social entrepreneurship requires more concerted examination. This article contributes to emerging discussions in this area through consideration of social entrepreneurship in South Africa. Drawing upon qualitative case study research with six social enterprises, and examined through a framework of new institutional theories and writing on new venture creation, this research explores the significance of environment for the process of social entrepreneurship, for social enterprises, and for social entrepreneurs. Our findings provide insights on institutional environments, social (...)
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  • Passionate Leaders in Social Entrepreneurship: Exploring an African Context.Adesuwa Omorede & Sara Thorgren - 2018 - Business and Society 57 (3):481-524.
    Nonstate actors such as social enterprises are increasingly influential for addressing pressing social needs in sub-Saharan Africa. Moving responsibility from the state to private entrepreneurs calls for a greater understanding of how single individuals achieve their social mission in a context characterized by acute poverty and where informal institutions, such as trust and collective norms, are strong governance mechanisms. This study recognizes the role of leader passion as a key element for gaining people’s trust in the social enterprise leader and (...)
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  • Social Entrepreneurship in Non-munificent Institutional Environments and Implications for Institutional Work: Insights from China.Babita Bhatt, Israr Qureshi & Suhaib Riaz - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 154 (3):605-630.
    We investigate the research question: Why are there very few social enterprises in China? Our findings unpack four types of institutional challenges to social entrepreneurship, as perceived by social entrepreneurs: norms of a strong role for government; misunderstood or unknown role for social enterprises; non-supportive rules and regulations; and lack of socio-cultural values and beliefs in support of social goals. We contribute to the literature on social enterprises by showing how an institutional environment may be “non-munificent,” i.e., non-supportive for the (...)
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  • Registering Ideology in the Creation of Social Entrepreneurs: Intermediary Organizations, ‘Ideal Subject’ and the Promise of Enjoyment.Pascal Dey & Othmar Lehner - 2017 - Journal of Business Ethics 142 (4):753-767.
    Research on social entrepreneurship has taken an increasing interest in issues pertaining to ideology. In contrast to existing research which tends to couch ‘ideology’ in pejorative terms, this paper conceives ideology as a key mechanism for rendering social entrepreneurship an object with which people can identify. Specifically, drawing on qualitative research of arguably one of the most prolific social entrepreneurship intermediaries, the global Impact Hub network, we investigate how social entrepreneurship is narrated as an ‘ideal subject,’ which signals toward others (...)
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  • What’s in a Name: An Analysis of Impact Investing Understandings by Academics and Practitioners.Anna Katharina Höchstädter & Barbara Scheck - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 132 (2):449-475.
    Recently, there has been much talk of impact investing. Around the world, specialized intermediaries have appeared, mainstream financial players and governments have become involved, renowned universities have included impact investing courses in their curriculum, and a myriad of practitioner contributions have been published. Despite all this activity, conceptual clarity remains an issue: The absence of a uniform definition, the interchangeable use of alternative terms and unclear boundaries to related concepts such as socially responsible investment are being criticized. This article aims (...)
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  • Stakeholders Matter: How Social Enterprises Address Mission Drift.Tommaso Ramus & Antonino Vaccaro - 2017 - Journal of Business Ethics 143 (2):307-322.
    This study explores social enterprises’ strategies for addressing mission drift. Relying on an inductive comparative case study of two Italian social enterprises, we show how stakeholder engagement combined with social accounting can successfully support a social venture to re-balance its positioning between wealth generation and social value creation. Indeed, stakeholder engagement helps the internal actors of a social enterprise to rationalize and embody pro-social values previously abandoned, while social accounting reinforces this embodiment process by showing the reintroduced social commitment of (...)
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  • Ethical Judgments About Social Entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Influence of Spatio-Cultural Meanings.Maria Margarida De Avillez, Andrew Greenman & Susan Marlow - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 161 (4):877-892.
    Within this paper, we adopt a qualitative process approach to explore how ethical judgments are influenced by spatio-cultural meanings applied to social entrepreneurship in the context of Mozambique. We analyse how such ethical judgments emerged using data gathered over a 4 year period in Maputo. Our findings illustrate three modes used to inform ethical judgments: embracing, rejecting and integrating. These describe how ethical judgments transpire as participants evaluate social entrepreneurship drawing upon related global normative meanings and those embedded within the (...)
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  • Social or Commercial? Innovation Strategies in Social Enterprises at Times of Turbulence.Tommaso Ramus, Barbara La Cara, Antonino Vaccaro & Stefano Brusoni - 2018 - Business Ethics Quarterly 28 (4):463-492.
    ABSTRACT:In this study, we investigate how different internal and external stakeholders influence the innovation strategy of a social enterprise to adopt product, process, and partnership innovations that impact either social or commercial performance. Relying on survey data from a sample of work integration social enterprises, we find that in situations of turbulence, administrative leaders do not significantly influence the innovation strategy of a social enterprise. Instead, board members and external stakeholders seem to play a role. Our study contributes to strategic (...)
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  • Entrepreneurship in the Controversial Economy: Toward a Research Agenda.Benedetto Lorenzo Cannatelli, Brett Richard Smith & Alisa Sydow - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 155 (3):837-851.
    This work extends theory about entrepreneurship across formal and informal institutional boundaries. While research has identified formal, informal, and renegade economies, we introduce the concept of the controversial economy, defined as the set of legal but illegitimate activities through which actors exploit opportunities. We explain the existence of the controversial economy, its prevalence, and provide examples. We explore how and why entrepreneurs may exploit opportunities in the controversial economy based on individual and opportunity-related attributes. Finally, we identify several theoretical perspectives (...)
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  • Linking Social Entrepreneurship and Social Change: The Mediating Role of Empowerment.Helen M. Haugh & Alka Talwar - 2016 - Journal of Business Ethics 133 (4):643-658.
    Entrepreneurship is increasingly considered to be integral to development; however, social and cultural norms impact on the extent to which women in developing countries engage with, and accrue the benefits of, entrepreneurial activity. Using data collected from 49 members of a rural social enterprise in North India, we examine the relationships between social entrepreneurship, empowerment and social change. Innovative business processes that facilitated women’s economic activity and at the same time complied with local social and cultural norms that constrain their (...)
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  • Social Enterprises, Venture Philanthropy and the Alleviation of Income Inequality.Francesco Di Lorenzo & Mariarosa Scarlata - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 159 (2):307-323.
    Building on the literature on hybrid organizations, this manuscript explores the relationship between the organizational activity of social enterprises backed by venture philanthropy investors and income inequality. Using Ashoka’s portfolio of Indian social enterprises as empirical context of Western venture philanthropy investing activity, our results suggest that Indian municipalities with social enterprises that have received venture philanthropy investments experience a decrease in income inequality level and when these social enterprises are dominated by a collectivistic organizational identity orientation the effect is (...)
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  • Corporate Social Responsibility, Multi-faceted Job-Products, and Employee Outcomes.Shuili Du, C. B. Bhattacharya & Sankar Sen - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 131 (2):319-335.
    This paper examines how employees react to their organizations’ corporate social responsibility initiatives. Drawing upon research in internal marketing and psychological contract theories, we argue that employees have multi-faceted job needs and that CSR programs comprise an important means to fulfill developmental and ideological job needs. Based on cluster analysis, we identify three heterogeneous employee segments, Idealists, Enthusiasts, and Indifferents, who vary in their multi-faceted job needs and, consequently, their demand for organizational CSR. We further find that an organization’s CSR (...)
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  • Bringing the Family Logic in: From Duality to Plurality in Social Enterprises.Andreana Drencheva & Wee Chan Au - 2021 - Journal of Business Ethics 182 (1):77-93.
    Social enterprises combine activities, processes, structures, and meanings associated with multiple institutional logics that may pose conflicting goals, norms, values, and practices. This in-depth multi-source case study of an ecological social enterprise in Malaysia reveals how the enactment of the family logic interacts with the market and ecological logics not only in conflicting but also in synergetic ways. By drawing attention to the institutional logic of the family in social entrepreneurship, this study highlights the heterogeneity of social enterprises. The findings (...)
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  • The Bright Side of Hybridity: Exploring How Social Enterprises Manage and Leverage Their Hybrid Nature.Tomislav Rimac, Tommaso Ramus, Francesco Rullani & Luca Mongelli - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 159 (2):301-305.
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  • How Hybrids Manage Growth and Social–Business Tensions in Global Supply Chains: The Case of Impact Sourcing.Chacko G. Kannothra, Stephan Manning & Nardia Haigh - 2018 - Journal of Business Ethics 148 (2):271-290.
    This study contributes to the growing interest in how hybrid organizations manage paradoxical social–business tensions. Our empirical case is “impact sourcing”—hybrids in global supply chains that hire staff from disadvantaged communities to provide services to business clients. We identify two major growth orientations—“community-focused” and “client-focused” growth—their inherent tensions and ways that hybrids manage them. The former favors slow growth and manages tensions through highly integrated client and community relations; the latter promotes faster growth and manages client and community relations separately. (...)
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  • The Role of Compassion in Shaping Social Entrepreneurs’ Prosocial Opportunity Recognition.Ronit Yitshaki, Fredric Kropp & Benson Honig - 2022 - Journal of Business Ethics 179 (2):617-647.
    Compassion is acknowledged as a key motivational source of prosocial opportunity recognition. This study examines the underlying processes of different types of compassion that lead to prosocial OR interventions designed to solve or ameliorate social problems. Self-compassion is associated with intimate personal experiences of suffering and encompasses a desire to alleviate the distress of others based on common humanity, mental distance and mindfulness. Other-regarding compassion is associated with value structures and social awareness and is based on a desire to help (...)
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  • Unpacking Variation in Hybrid Organizational Forms: Changing Models of Social Enterprise Among Nonprofits, 2000–2013.Jean-Baptiste Litrico & Marya L. Besharov - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 159 (2):343-360.
    To remain financially viable and continue to accomplish their social missions, nonprofits are increasingly adopting a hybrid organizational form that combines commercial and social welfare logics. While studies recognize that individual organizations vary in how they incorporate and manage hybridity, variation at the level of the organizational form remains poorly understood. Existing studies tend to treat forms as either hybrid or not, limiting our understanding of the different ways a hybrid form may combine multiple logics and how such combinations evolve (...)
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  • Working For Impact, But Failing to Experience It: Exploring Individuals’ Sensemaking in Social Enterprises.Andreana Drencheva, Wee Chan Au & Jian Li Yew - 2023 - Business and Society 62 (7):1458-1495.
    Individuals start and join social enterprises to catalyze social impact but may not subjectively experience their work as impactful. In this article, we inductively uncover when social enterprise members question the impactfulness of their work and how they engage in sensemaking to experience their work as impactful. Exploring the experiences of members across two social enterprises with different missions, we provide insights into instances creating ambiguity of or discrepancies in impactfulness and unearth how individuals navigate these in different circumstances with (...)
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