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  1. The Limits of Traditional Approaches to Informed Consent for Genomic Medicine.Thomas May, Kaija L. Zusevics, Arthur Derse, Kimberly A. Strong, Jessica Jeruzal, Alison La Pean Kirschner, Michael H. Farrell & Ryan Spellecy - 2014 - HEC Forum 26 (3):185-202.
    This paper argues that it will be important for new genomic technologies to recognize the limits of traditional approaches to informed consent, so that other-regarding implications of genomic information can be properly contextualized and individual rights respected. Respect for individual autonomy will increasingly require dynamic consideration of the interrelated dimensions of individual and broader community interests, so that the interests of one do not undermine fundamental interests of the other. In this, protection of individual rights will be a complex interplay (...)
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  • Doctors' orders and the language of representation.Em M. Pijl-Zieber - 2013 - Nursing Philosophy 14 (2):139-147.
    The term doctors' orders or physicians' orders is endemic to nurses' work, to the degree perhaps that few nurses give the term much thought. The nursing profession has progressed over its historical trajectory, from a level of considerable dependence upon physicians' directives, in its beginning, to much greater professional autonomy. However, the term order remains a stronghold in nurses' professional reality, despite the fact that this term is laden with anachronistic ideological interests that are embedded within the historical, sociopolitical and (...)
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  • Reassessing the Reliability of Advance Directives.Thomas May - 1997 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 6 (3):325.
    A competent patient has the right to refuse treatment necessary to sustain life. However, for many end-of-life decisions, we lack direct access to the wishes of a competent patient. Some treatment decisions near the end of life involve patients with severely diminished mental capacity, some involve patients who are unable to communicate, and some involve patients who are simply unable or unwilling to participate in decisionmaking due to the nature or severity of their illness.
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  • Moral distress in nurses: Resources and constraints, consequences, and interventions.Mohammad Javad Ghazanfari, Amir Emami Zeydi, Reza Panahi, Reza Ghanbari, Fateme Jafaraghaee, Hamed Mortazavi & Samad Karkhah - 2022 - Clinical Ethics 17 (3):265-271.
    Background Moral distress is a complex and challenging issue in the nursing profession that can negatively affect the nurses’ job satisfaction and retention and the quality of patient care. This study focused on describing the resources and constraints, consequences, and interventions of moral distress in nurses. Methods In a literature review, an extensive electronic search was conducted in databases including PubMed, ISI, Scopus as well as Google Scholar search engine using the keywords including “moral distress” and “nurses” to identify resources, (...)
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  • Expanding Nurses' Participation in Ethics: an empirical examination of ethical activism and ethical assertiveness.Sarah-Jane Dodd, Bruce S. Jansson, Katherine Brown-Saltzman, Marilyn Shirk & Karen Wunch - 2004 - Nursing Ethics 11 (1):15-27.
    This research project investigated the extent to which nurses engage in two important kinds of ethical behaviours: ethical activism (where they try to make hospitals more receptive to nurses’ participation in ethics deliberations) and ethical assertiveness (where they participate in ethics deliberations even when not formally invited). This research probed not only the extent to which nurses engage in these ethical behaviours but also whether this is influenced by professional, training and organizational factors. A random sample of 165 nurses from (...)
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  • Moral Dilemmas of Nursing in End-of-Life Care in Hungary: a personal perspective.Bela Blasszauer & Ilona Palfi - 2005 - Nursing Ethics 12 (1):92-105.
    The authors’ aim is to bring to the attention of readers the inadequacies of care for people in Hungary who are terminally ill. They believe that both objective and subjective factors cause these inadequacies. Most of these factors arise from moral dilemmas that could be eased or even solved if ethics education had a much more prominent place in the nursing curriculum. Even if nurses would not become automatically better persons morally, a much wider knowledge of medical/nursing ethics could significantly (...)
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  • How Nurses and physicians face ethical dilemmas — the Croatian experience.Iva Sorta-Bilajac, Ksenija Baždarić, Morana Brkljačić Žagrović, Ervin Jančić, Boris Brozović, Tomislav Čengić, Stipe Ćorluka & George J. Agich - 2011 - Nursing Ethics 18 (3):341-355.
    The aim of this study was to assess nurses’ and physicians’ ethical dilemmas in clinical practice. Nurses and physicians of the Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka were surveyed (N = 364). A questionnaire was used to identify recent ethical dilemma, primary ethical issue in the situation, satisfaction with the resolution, perceived usefulness of help, and usage of clinical ethics consultations in practice. Recent ethical dilemmas include professional conduct for nurses (8%), and near-the-end-of-life decisions for physicians (27%). The main ethical issue is (...)
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  • The basis and limits of physician authority: a reply to critics.T. May - 1995 - Journal of Medical Ethics 21 (3):170-173.
    This paper develops a model of the nurse/physician authority relationship presented in an earlier issue of this journal, and responds to criticisms raised against that model in commentaries on that article. Specifically, I examine the discrepancy which exists between medical knowledge and nursing education, and show this discrepancy to be a difference in type, not quality. The implication is that improvements in nursing education will not affect the authority relationship between physician and nurse. To affect this relationship the nature of (...)
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  • Medical authority and nursing integrity.L. de Raeve - 2002 - Journal of Medical Ethics 28 (6):353-357.
    This paper explores the respective legitimacy or illegitimacy of medical authority over nursing work. The analysis makes use of Joseph Raz’s ideas concerning the nature of authority. Various scenarios are considered which lend themselves to differing interpretations, and the conclusion reached is that acting in accordance with legitimate medical authority enhances rather than compromises the nurse’s professional integrity. Difficulties, however, may lie in disentangling legitimate from illegitimate attempts to control nursing work.
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  • Doctors and nurses once more--an alternative to May.P. Nash - 1995 - Journal of Medical Ethics 21 (2):82-83.
    It is argued that promissory obligation arising from the contract of employment offers a simpler and less contentious explanation and justification of the doctor-nurse relationship at work, than does May's proposal of second-order reasons. The second-order reason position is rejected as the norm for that relationship, and in the exceptional case, where it is admitted, shared employee status is identified as primary validator of a doctor as locus of rational authority. Finally, a brief case is made for a more precise (...)
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  • What makes patients perceive their health care worker as an epistemic authority?Sivia Barnoy, Levy Ofra & Yoram Bar-Tal - 2012 - Nursing Inquiry 19 (2):128-133.
    BARNOY S, OFRA L and BAR‐TAL Y. Nursing Inquiry 2012; 19: 128–133 [Epub ahead of print]What makes patients perceive their health care worker as an epistemic authority?Health care workers’ (HCW) perceived epistemic authority (EA) may have an effect on patient decision‐making and compliance. The present study investigated the hypotheses that higher EA is attributed to staff perceived to be experts; to physicians rather than nurses; to HCWs who recommend taking a test more than to the ones who make no recommendation. (...)
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  • Influencers of ethical beliefs and the impact on moral distress and conscientious objection.Shoni Davis, Vivian Schrader & Marcia J. Belcheir - 2012 - Nursing Ethics 19 (6):738-749.
    Considering a growing nurse shortage and the need for qualified nurses to handle increasingly complex patient care situations, how ethical beliefs are influenced and the consequences that can occur when moral conflicts of right and wrong arise need to be explored. The aim of this study was to explore influencers identified by nurses as having the most impact on the development of their ethical beliefs and whether these influencers might impact levels of moral distress and the potential for conscientious objection. (...)
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