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  1. Defending technology: a normative defence of technologically assisted officiating in binary referee situations.Torben Kjærsgaard - forthcoming - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy:1-13.
    This article discusses how technological official aids influence sporting competitions in terms of fairness and flow. It addresses the main arguments against technological official aids used to assist refereeing in binary referee situations. First, I argue that the criticism directed at the use of ball tracking devices (‘reconstructed track devices’) is mainly unjustified and that these devices provide the opportunity to make refereeing in certain types of sport fairer. In this regard, I also argue that empirical findings about referees’ decision-making (...)
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  • Fairness, implicit bias testing and sports refereeing: An argument for why professional sports organisations ought to promote fairness in sport through testing referees for implicit biases.Thomas Søbrik Petersen & Søren Sofus Wichmann - 2020 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 48 (1):97-110.
    Sports referees are not always as unbiased or impartial as they ideally should be. Studies have shown, for example, that in their decisions, referees seem to be biased against people of different r...
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  • Rules, Standards, and the Video Assistant Referee in Football.Jan Zglinski - 2020 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 16 (1):3-19.
    Introduced with the hope of reducing refereeing errors and increasing “football justice”, the Video Assistant Referee has attracted much criticism from players and spectators alike. Drawing o...
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  • Technology and the Existential Element in Sport.Roger Melin - forthcoming - Idrottsforum. Org/Nordic Sport Science Forum.
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  • Rejecting Technology: A Normative Defense of Fallible Officiating.Christopher Johnson & Jason Taylor - 2016 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 10 (2):148-160.
    There is a growing consensus in both academic and popular reflections on sport that if the accuracy of officiating can be improved by technology, then such assistance ought to be introduced. Indeed, apart from certain practical concerns about technologizing officiating there are few normative objections, and those that are voiced are often poorly articulated and quickly dismissed by critics. In this paper, we take up one of these objections – what is referred to as the loss of the human element (...)
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